Detailed study of the response of pipelines during seismic excitation can help reduce physical and financial losses during and after an earthquake. The current research investigated the seismic behavior of pipelines passing through variations in topography using two-dimensional and three-dimensional modeling. Their behavior has been modeled at the crest and toe of a slope and during longitudinal passage through the topography. The effects of the soil stiffness, diameter-to-thickness ratio of the pipeline, height-to-half-width ratio (shape factor), and input wave characteristics on the performance of the pipeline have been investigated. The results indicate that topographic effects can increase the strain on pipelines and the factors studied are crucial to accommodating this potential hazard.

中文翻译：

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地形效应对埋地管道地震响应的影响

详细研究地震激发期间管道的响应有助于减少地震期间和地震后的物理和经济损失。目前的研究使用二维和三维建模研究了管道在地形变化时的地震行为。它们的行为是在斜坡的顶部和底部以及在纵向通过地形时建模的。研究了土体刚度、管道径厚比、高半宽比（形状因子）和输入波特性对管道性能的影响。结果表明，地形影响会增加管道的压力，所研究的因素对于适应这种潜在危险至关重要。