Avian tuberculosis is a chronic and zoonotic disease that affects a wide variety of birds, mammals, and humans. This study aimed to estimate the frequency of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in some domestic birds based on molecular diagnosis, antibiogram profile, and PCR-based detection of inhA, rpoB, rpsL, and otrB antibiotic resistance-related genes. A total of 120 fecal samples were collected from small flocks of house-reared domestic birds at Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. The collected samples were processed and subjected to the bacteriological examination. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the recovered isolates was performed using the broth microdilution method for the detection of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The genetic detection of the IS901confirmatory gene, inhA, rpoB, rpsL, and otrB genes was carried out using PCR. The frequency of M. avium subsp. avium was 4.1% (5/120); 10% (4/40) in ducks, and 2.5% (1/10) in geese. The identification of the recovered isolates was confirmed using PCR, where all the tested isolates were positive for IS901confirmatory gene. The results of the broth microdilution method revealed that most of the recovered isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) to isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, and doxycycline, and harbored the inhA, rpoB, rpsL, and otrB genes. In brief, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report that emphasized the emergence of avian tuberculosis in house-reared domestic birds in Egypt. The emergence of MDR- M. avium subsp. avium is considered a public health threat. Emerging MDR-M. avium subsp. avium in domestic birds are commonly harbored the IS901, inhA, rpoB, rpsL, and otrB genes. Azithromycin and clofazimine revealed a promising in-vitro antibacterial activity against M. avium subsp. avium.

中文翻译：

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新兴的耐多药-鸟分枝杆菌亚种。家养家禽中的鸟类是埃及的第一份报告

禽结核病是一种慢性和人畜共患病，影响多种鸟类、哺乳动物和人类。本研究旨在估计鸟分枝杆菌亚种的频率。基于分子诊断、抗菌谱图谱和基于 PCR 的 inhA、rpoB、rpsL 和 otrB 抗生素抗性相关基因的检测，在一些家禽中发现了 avium。从埃及伊斯梅利亚省的小群家养家禽中收集了总共 120 份粪便样本。对采集的样品进行处理并进行细菌学检查。使用肉汤微量稀释法对回收的分离物进行抗菌药敏试验，以检测最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。IS901确认基因、inhA、rpoB、rpsL、和 otrB 基因使用 PCR 进行。鸟分枝杆菌亚种的频率。avium 为 4.1% (5/120)；鸭中 10% (4/40)，鹅中 2.5% (1/10)。回收分离物的鉴定使用PCR确认，其中所有测试的分离物均为IS901确认基因阳性。肉汤微量稀释法的结果表明，大部分回收的分离物对异烟肼、利福平、链霉素、土霉素和强力霉素表现出多重耐药性（MDR），并含有inhA、rpoB、rpsL和otrB基因。简而言之，据我们所知，这是第一份强调在埃及家养家禽中出现禽结核病的报告。MDR-鸟分枝杆菌亚种的出现。avium 被认为是一种公共卫生威胁。新兴的 MDR-M。鸟亚种 家禽中的 avium 通常含有 IS901、inhA、rpoB、rpsL 和 otrB 基因。阿奇霉素和氯法齐明显示出对鸟分枝杆菌亚种有希望的体外抗菌活性。飞鸟。