In Arabidopsis, de novo organogenesis of lateral roots is patterned by an oscillatory mechanism called the root clock, which is dependent on unidentified metabolites. To determine if retinoids regulate the root clock, we used a chemical reporter for retinaldehyde (retinal) binding proteins. We found that retinal binding precedes the root clock and predicts sites of lateral root organogenesis. Application of retinal increased root clock oscillations and promoted lateral root formation. Expression of an Arabidopsis protein with homology to vertebrate retinoid binding proteins, TEMPERATURE INDUCED LIPOCALIN (TIL) oscillates in the region of retinal binding to the reporter, confers retinal binding activity in a heterologous system, and when mutated, decreases retinal sensitivity. These results demonstrate a role for retinal and its binding partner in lateral root organogenesis.

中文翻译：

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植物脂质运载蛋白促进视网膜介导的振荡侧根起始

在拟南芥中，侧根的从头器官发生由称为根时钟的振荡机制形成模式，该机制依赖于未知的代谢物。为了确定类视黄醇是否调节根时钟，我们使用了视黄醛（视黄醛）结合蛋白的化学报告基因。我们发现视网膜结合先于根时钟并预测侧根器官发生的位点。视网膜的应用增加了根时钟振荡并促进了侧根的形成。拟南芥的表达与脊椎动物类视黄醇结合蛋白具有同源性的蛋白质，温度诱导的脂质体 (TIL) 在与报告基因结合的视网膜区域中振荡，在异源系统中赋予视网膜结合活性，并且当发生突变时，会降低视网膜敏感性。这些结果证明了视黄醛及其结合伴侣在侧根器官发生中的作用。