Allopolyploid Brassica juncea crops in Brassicaceae are becoming increasingly revitalized as vegetables and oilseeds owing to wide adaptability and significant economic values. However, the genomic differentiation of diversified vegetables and oilseed B. juncea and the genetic basis underlying glucosinolates accumulation have yet to be elucidated. To address this knowledge gap, we report the sequencing of pairwise genomes of vegetable and oilseed B. juncea at chromosome scale. Comparative genomics analysis unveils panoramic structural variation footprints, particularly the genetic loci of HSP20 and TGA1 associated with abiotic and biotic stresses responses between oilseed and vegetable subgroups. We anchored two major loci of MYB28 (HAG1) orthologues caused by copy number variations on A02 and A09 chromosomes using scored genomic SNPs-based GWAS that are responsible for seed oil quality-determining glucosinolates biosynthesis. These findings will provide valuable repertories of polyploidy genomic information enabling polyploidy genome evolution studies and precise genomic selections for crucial traits like functional components of glucosinolates in B. juncea crops and beyond.

中文翻译：

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植物和油籽异源多倍体芥菜的基因组特征和控制芥子油苷积累的遗传位点

由于广泛的适应性和显着的经济价值，十字花科的异源多倍体芥菜作物作为蔬菜和油料种子正变得越来越有活力。然而，多样化蔬菜和油籽芥菜的基因组分化以及芥子油苷积累的遗传基础尚未阐明。为了解决这一知识差距，我们报告了染色体规模的蔬菜和油籽芥菜的成对基因组测序。比较基因组学分析揭示了全景结构变异足迹，特别是HSP20和TGA1的遗传位点与油籽和蔬菜亚群之间的非生物和生物胁迫反应相关。我们使用基于基因组 SNP 的评分基因组 GWAS 锚定了由 A02 和 A09 染色体上的拷贝数变异引起的MYB28 ( HAG1 ) 直向同源基因的两个主要基因座，这些 GWAS 负责种子油质量决定芥子油苷的生物合成。这些发现将提供有价值的多倍体基因组信息库，使多倍体基因组进化研究和精确的基因组选择成为关键性状的关键性状，如芥菜作物及其他作物中硫代葡萄糖苷的功能成分。