Glioblastoma (GBM) is a particularly aggressive brain cancer associated with high recurrence and poor prognosis. The standard of care, surgical resection followed by concomitant radio- and chemotherapy, leads to low survival rates. The local delivery of active agents within the tumor resection cavity has emerged as an attractive means to initiate oncological treatment immediately post-surgery. This complementary approach bypasses the blood–brain barrier, increases the local concentration at the tumor site while reducing or avoiding systemic side effects. This review will provide a global overview on the local treatment for GBM with an emphasis on the lessons learned from past clinical trials. The main parameters to be considered to rationally design fit-of-purpose biomaterials and develop drug delivery systems for local administration in the GBM resection cavity to prevent the tumor recurrence will be described. The intracavitary local treatment of GBM should i) use materials that facilitate translation to the clinic; ii) be characterized by easy GMP effective scaling up and easy-handling application by the neurosurgeons; iii) be adaptable to fill the tumor-resected niche, mold to the resection cavity or adhere to the exposed brain parenchyma; iv) be biocompatible and possess mechanical properties compatible with the brain; v) deliver a therapeutic dose of rationally-designed or repurposed drug compound(s) into the GBM infiltrative margin. Proof of concept with high translational potential will be provided. Finally, future perspectives to facilitate the clinical translation of the local perisurgical treatment of GBM will be discussed.

胶质母细胞瘤 (GBM) 是一种侵袭性特别强的脑癌，与高复发率和不良预后相关。护理标准，手术切除，然后伴随放疗和化疗，导致低生存率。在肿瘤切除腔内局部递送活性剂已成为手术后立即启动肿瘤治疗的有吸引力的手段。这种互补的方法绕过了血脑屏障，增加了肿瘤部位的局部浓度，同时减少或避免了全身副作用。这篇综述将提供 GBM 局部治疗的全球概览，重点是从过去的临床试验中吸取的经验教训。将描述合理设计适合用途的生物材料和开发用于在 GBM 切除腔中局部给药以防止肿瘤复发的药物递送系统的主要参数。GBM 的腔内局部治疗应 i) 使用便于临床转化的材料；ii) 具有易于 GMP 有效放大和易于神经外科医生处理的特点；iii) 适应于填充肿瘤切除的小生境，模塑到切除腔或粘附在暴露的脑实质上；iv) 具有生物相容性并具有与大脑相容的机械特性；v) 将治疗剂量的合理设计或重新利用的药物化合物输送到 GBM 浸润边缘。将提供具有高转化潜力的概念证明。最后，