Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease of tropics, subtropics, and southern Europe which is classified as a neglected tropical disease. There is a paucity of knowledge for this disease especially in some parts of the world where leishmaniasis is endemic such as Cyprus island in the Mediterranean. This narrative review revealed cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) as the dominant type of human leishmaniasis in the island. Host and disease type identification studies based on cats, dogs and rats showed Leishmania infantum parasite to be the leading species among others with a seroprevalence rate ranging from 3.55% to 14.9% in selected hosts with an indication of dogs as the main animal reservoir. Lack of focus on potential wild animal hosts creates an important evidence gap to overcome for the purpose of controlling leishmaniasis. We aim to present asynoptical review of leishmaniasis to critically analyse currently available data in literature about this disease in Cyprus.

中文翻译：

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以塞浦路斯岛为重点的利什曼病概述

利什曼病是热带、亚热带和南欧的一种寄生虫病，被归类为一种被忽视的热带病。对这种疾病知之甚少，尤其是在世界上一些利什曼​​病流行的地区，例如地中海的塞浦路斯岛。这篇叙述性评论揭示了皮肤利什曼病 (CL) 和内脏利什曼病 (VL) 是岛上人类利什曼病的主要类型。基于猫、狗和大鼠的宿主和疾病类型鉴定研究显示婴儿利什曼原虫寄生虫是其中的主要物种，在选定宿主中的血清阳性率为 3.55% 至 14.9%，表明狗是主要的动物宿主。缺乏对潜在野生动物宿主的关注造成了一个重要的证据空白，需要克服以控制利什曼病。我们的目标是对利什曼病进行非综合性审查，以批判性地分析目前有关塞浦路斯这种疾病的文献中的可用数据。