Background & objectives: Culex tritaeniorhynchus is a widely distributed and medically important mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae). The aim of this study was to determine characteristics of larval habitats and predict the distribution of Cx. Tritaeniorhynchus using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model in Golestan Province (north of Iran).
Methods: Overall, 53 villages and cities from the 14 counties in the Golestan Province were studied. Suitable habitats for sampling of mosquitoes were determined in the selected villages. Larval sampling was carried out 10 times using a standardized dipper (350 ml). Captured larvae in each dipper were counted and kept in special containers. Larvae were put in lactophenol and were then mounted on microscope slides prepared according to the de Faure’s formula. All villages where Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was isolated from were considered as the species presence points, and their coordinates were extracted from the GIS. The obtained data were entered into the model in Microsoft Excel 2003. Layers required for the study were obtained from the World Clim global climate database at a spatial resolution of 1 km². The MaxEnt software (version 3.3.3) was used to predict the most suitable ecological niches of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus.
Results: Out of the 5168 specimens collected from 53 villages and cities, 1097 specimens (21%) were identified as Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. The central and western areas of the province are environmental suitability areas for distribution of this species compared to the other areas. Area under curve (AUC) value for Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was 0.888. Environmental variables with highest gain in the model were precipitation of coldest quarter (bio19), maximum temperature of warmest month (bio5) and slope.
Interpretation & conclusion: Precipitation and temperature are important determinants of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus distribution in Golestan Province.

中文翻译：

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使用最大熵 (MaxEnt) 模型在 Golestan 省（伊朗北部）预测三带库蚊的幼虫栖息地特征和分布

背景与目的：三带库蚊是一种分布广泛且具有重要医学意义的蚊种（双翅目：库蚊科）。本研究的目的是确定幼虫栖息地的特征并预测Cx的分布。Tritaeniorhynchus在 Golestan 省（伊朗北部）使用最大熵 (MaxEnt) 模型。
方法：总体而言，研究了戈勒斯坦省 14 个县的 53 个村庄和城市。在选定的村庄确定了适合蚊子采样的栖息地。使用标准化的勺子 (350 ml) 进行 10 次幼虫取样。对每个北斗七星中捕获的幼虫进行计数并保存在特殊容器中。将幼虫放入乳酚中，然后安装在根据 de Faure 公式制备的显微镜载玻片上。Cx所在的所有村庄。分离出的tritaeniorhynchus被认为是物种存在点，并从GIS 中提取它们的坐标。将获得的数据输入到 Microsoft Excel 2003 中的模型中。研究所需的图层从 World Clim 全球气候数据库中获得，空间分辨率为 1 km ². MaxEnt 软件（版本 3.3.3）用于预测Cx最合适的生态位。三带犬。
结果：在从 53 个村庄和城市收集的 5168 份标本中，1097 份标本（21%）被鉴定为Cx。三带犬。与其他地区相比，我省中西部地区是该物种分布的环境适宜区。Cx 的曲线下面积 (AUC) 值。三带犬是 0.888。模型中增益最高的环境变量是最冷季降水量（bio19）、最暖月最高气温（bio5）和坡度。
解释与结论：降水和温度是影响气候变化的重要决定因素CX。戈勒斯坦省的三带犬分布。