Research in the physical sciences is critical to the development of new materials technologies for clean energy. Aims in the present work are to synthesise and characterise three-dimensional architectures composed of two-dimensional atomic layer molybdenum disulphide for solar cells and self-powered photodetectors with improved performance. Nanostructured molybdenum disulphide was prepared by using a spin coating method with controlled process times. Prior to each deposition, the layer was dried with hot air for 5 min. A rough, irregular and clustered surface type was generated when the number of spin coating runs was increased. This type of surface was consistent with the morphologies expected for two-dimensional atomic layer molybdenum disulphide in three-dimensional architectures. The nanoscale morphologies, composites, and electronic properties of molybdenum disulphide were examined using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and micro-Raman scattering spectroscopy, respectively. Moreover, three-dimensional architecture-based prototypes for solar cells and self-powered photodetectors were designed, fabricated and tested. In photovoltaic mode, the obtained responsivity and response speed were almost 10 times larger and 20 times faster, respectively, than those recently reported for a single monolayer molybdenum disulphide-based self-powered prototype. In addition, the effects of bias, heat, humidity and a static field on the generated photocurrent and the response time were evaluated. It is expected that the newly designed prototype will exhibit exceptional properties: a broadband spectral response, a high signal-to-noise ratio and excellent stability.

物理科学研究对于开发用于清洁能源的新材料技术至关重要。目前工作的目的是合成和表征由二维原子层二硫化钼组成的三维结构，用于太阳能电池和具有改进性能的自供电光电探测器。纳米结构的二硫化钼是通过使用旋涂方法以受控的工艺时间制备的。在每次沉积之前，该层用热空气干燥 5 分钟。当旋涂次数增加时，会产生粗糙、不规则和簇状的表面类型。这种类型的表面与三维结构中二维原子层二硫化钼的预期形态一致。纳米级形态、复合材料、分别使用扫描电子显微镜、能量色散 X 射线光谱和微拉曼散射光谱检查二硫化钼的和电子性质。此外，还设计、制造和测试了基于三维结构的太阳能电池和自供电光电探测器原型。在光伏模式下，获得的响应率和响应速度分别比最近报道的基于单层二硫化钼的自供电原型几乎大 10 倍和快 20 倍。此外，还评估了偏压、热量、湿度和静电场对产生的光电流和响应时间的影响。预计新设计的原型将表现出特殊的特性：宽带光谱响应，