Accumulating evidence in adults has shown that curiosity and surprise enhance memory via activity in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and dopaminergic areas. Based on findings of how these brain areas and their inter-connections develop during childhood and adolescence, we discuss how the effects of curiosity and surprise on memory may develop during childhood and adolescence. We predict that the maturation of brain areas potentially related to curiosity elicitation (hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex [ACC], prefrontal cortex) and protracted development of hippocampal-PFC and ACC-PFC connectivity lead to differential effects of curiosity and surprise on memory during childhood and adolescence. Our predictions are centred within the PACE (Prediction-Appraisal-Curiosity-Exploration) Framework which proposes multiple levels of analyses of how curiosity is elicited and enhances memory.

中文翻译：

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童年和青春期的好奇心——我们可以从大脑中学到什么。

越来越多的成人证据表明，好奇心和惊喜通过海马体、前额叶皮层和多巴胺能区域的活动来增强记忆力。基于这些大脑区域及其相互联系如何在儿童期和青春期发展的发现，我们讨论了好奇心和惊喜对记忆的影响如何在儿童期和青春期发展。我们预测，可能与好奇心激发相关的大脑区域（海马体、前扣带皮层 [ACC]、前额叶皮层）的成熟以及海马-PFC 和 ACC-PFC 连接的长期发展导致好奇心和惊喜对童年记忆的不同影响和青春期。