In the past two decades, significant progress has been made in our understanding of mRNA localization and translation at distal sites in axons and dendrites. The existing literature shows that local translation is regulated in a temporally and spatially restricted manner and is critical throughout embryonic and post-embryonic life. Here, recent key findings about mRNA localization and local translation across the various stages of neural development, including neurogenesis, axon development, and synaptogenesis, are reviewed. In the early stages of development, mRNAs are localized and locally translated in the endfeet of radial glial cells, but much is still unexplored about their functional significance. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have provided new information about the specific mechanisms regulating local translation during axon development, including growth cone guidance and axon branching. Later in development, localization and translation of mRNAs help mediate the major structural and functional changes that occur in the axon during synaptogenesis. Clinically, changes in local translation across all stages of neural development have important implications for understanding the etiology of several neurological disorders. Herein, local translation and mechanisms regulating this process across developmental stages are compared and discussed in the context of function and dysfunction.

中文翻译：

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跨神经发育的局部翻译：聚焦放射状胶质细胞、轴突和突触发生。


在过去的二十年里，我们对轴突和树突远端 mRNA 定位和翻译的理解取得了重大进展。现有文献表明，局部翻译在时间和空间上受到限制，并且在整个胚胎和胚胎后生命中至关重要。本文综述了神经发育各个阶段（包括神经发生、轴突发育和突触发生）中 mRNA 定位和局部翻译的最新重要发现。在发育的早期阶段，mRNA 在放射状胶质细胞的末端定位并进行局部翻译，但其功能意义仍有待探索。最近的体外和体内研究提供了有关轴突发育过程中调节局部翻译的特定机制的新信息，包括生长锥引导和轴突分支。在发育后期，mRNA 的定位和翻译有助于介导突触发生期间轴突中发生的主要结构和功能变化。临床上，神经发育各个阶段局部翻译的变化对于理解几种神经系统疾病的病因具有重要意义。在此，在功能和功能障碍的背景下比较和讨论了跨发育阶段的局部翻译和调节该过程的机制。