To defense harmful stimuli or maintain the immune homeostasis, the body produces and recruits a superfamily of cytokines such as interleukins, interferons, chemokines etc. Among them, chemokines act as crucial regulators in defense systems. CCL5/CCR5 combination is known for facilitating inflammatory responses, as well as inducing the adhesion and migration of different T cell subsets in immune responses. In addition, recent studies have shown that the interaction between CCL5 and CCR5 is involved in various pathological processes including inflammation, chronic diseases, cancers as well as the infection of COVID-19. This review focuses on how CCL5/CCR5 axis participates in the pathological processes of different diseases and their relevant signaling pathways for the regulation of the axis. Moreover, we highlighted the gene therapy and chemotherapy studies for treating CCR5-related diseases, including the ongoing clinical trials. The barriers and perspectives for future application and translational research were also summarized.

为了防御有害刺激或维持免疫稳态，机体产生并招募细胞因子超家族，如白细胞介素、干扰素、趋化因子等。其中，趋化因子在防御系统中起着重要的调节作用。CCL5/CCR5 组合已知可促进炎症反应，以及诱导免疫反应中不同 T 细胞亚群的粘附和迁移。此外，最近的研究表明，CCL5和CCR5之间的相互作用参与炎症、慢性疾病、癌症以及COVID-19感染等多种病理过程。本文重点综述CCL5/CCR5轴如何参与不同疾病的病理过程及其调控该轴的相关信号通路。此外，我们重点介绍了治疗 CCR5 相关疾病的基因疗法和化疗研究，包括正在进行的临床试验。还总结了未来应用和转化研究的障碍和前景。