The tremendous increase in human population and industrialization has exacerbated the existing problem of water pollution to a great extent. The textile industry is the major cause of this problem due to its significant use of organic synthetic dyes as coloring materials during the dyeing process. The presence of color in wastewater is a major environmental concern, as these dyes are resistant to degradation by physio-chemical treatments. Bioremediation is an attractive method that can completely degrade these dyes while also being cost-effective. This comprehensive review aims to provide a brief insight into bioremediation based on some of the latest emerging wastewater treatment technologies for the removal of synthetic dyes. Starting with the importance of decolorization of synthetic dyes and their environmental impacts, different physio-chemical treatment technologies are analyzed with a special emphasis on their limitations. The bioremediation of textile wastewater with detailed biodegradation mechanisms using different bacterial species (bacteria, fungal, algae, enzyme, and mixed culture) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions is thoroughly discussed. In this article, the major factors affecting the implementation of biological treatment are explained. In addition, the latest emerging treatment technologies, such as nano-bio materials, genetic engineering, phytoremediation, electro-bioremediation (microbial electrochemistry technology, MET), and integrated/hybrid technologies (such as biological processes with physio-chemical processes, electro-coagulation, adsorption, ultra-filtration, membrane, and advanced oxidation) are critically reviewed; their challenges and the future perspectives in textile wastewater treatment are also highlighted. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

中文翻译：

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用于处理含有合成染料的纺织废水的新兴生物修复技术：综合综述

人口的大量增加和工业化在很大程度上加剧了现有的水污染问题。纺织工业是造成这一问题的主要原因，因为在染色过程中大量使用有机合成染料作为着色材料。废水中颜色的存在是一个主要的环境问题，因为这些染料可以抵抗物理化学处理的降解。生物修复是一种有吸引力的方法，可以完全降解这些染料，同时还具有成本效益。这篇综合评论旨在简要介绍基于一些用于去除合成染料的最新废水处理技术的生物修复。从合成染料脱色的重要性及其对环境的影响开始，分析了不同的物理化学处理技术，并特别强调了它们的局限性。详细讨论了在需氧和厌氧条件下使用不同细菌种类（细菌、真菌、藻类、酶和混合培养物）对纺织废水进行生物修复，并具有详细的生物降解机制。本文对影响生物处理实施的主要因素进行了说明。此外，最新出现的处理技术，如纳米生物材料、基因工程、植物修复、电生物修复（微生物电化学技术，MET）和集成/混合技术（如生物过程与物理化学过程、电-混凝、吸附、超滤、膜和高级氧化）受到严格审查；他们在纺织废水处理方面的挑战和未来前景也得到了强调。© 2021 化学工业协会 (SCI)。