With the development of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, RFID systems on roads (RSR) have recently been put forward to localize not only manned vehicles but also autonomous vehicles. In such an RFID-based localization infrastructure, passive RFID tags with road-related information are deployed on road surfaces, and any vehicle equipped with an RFID reader can interrogate the tags to obtain its locations. However, like traditional RFID systems, reader collisions could occur when many vehicles (readers) continuously move in and out of a tag’s reading range, significantly degrading tag reading performance. Although many anti-collision algorithms have been devised to improve tag reading efficiency, none can be applied in highly mobile and dynamic road environments. In this paper, we propose an adaptive mobile tag reading algorithm, which can effectively reduce reader collisions and improve tag reading efficiency for reliable vehicle localization under various traffic scenarios. Extensive simulation and experiment have verified the feasibility and the effectiveness of our proposed scheme. Particularly, the field tests demonstrate that, with moderate vehicle density and sparsely deployed tags, our proposed algorithm can satisfy the tag reading requirements specified by the upper-layer localization system with a probability as high as 0.976.

随着射频识别 (RFID) 技术的发展，道路上的 RFID 系统 (RSR) 最近被提出不仅可以定位有人驾驶车辆，还可以定位自动驾驶车辆。在这种基于 RFID 的定位基础设施中，带有道路相关信息的无源 RFID 标签被部署在路面上，任何配备有 RFID 阅读器的车辆都可以查询标签以获取其位置。然而，与传统的 RFID 系统一样，当许多车辆（读取器）不断进出标签的读取范围时，可能会发生读取器碰撞，从而显着降低标签读取性能。尽管已经设计了许多防碰撞算法来提高标签读取效率，但没有一种算法适用于高度移动和动态的道路环境。在本文中，我们提出了一种自适应移动标签读取算法，可有效减少读写器碰撞，提高标签读取效率，实现各种交通场景下车辆的可靠定位。大量的仿真和实验验证了我们提出的方案的可行性和有效性。特别是，现场测试表明，在车辆密度适中、标签部署稀疏的情况下，我们提出的算法能够以高达 0.976 的概率满足上层定位系统指定的标签读取要求。