Predicting the response of marine animals to climate change is hampered by a lack of multigenerational studies on evolutionary adaptation, particularly to combined ocean warming and acidification (OWA). We provide evidence for rapid adaptation to OWA in the foundational copepod species, Acartia tonsa, by assessing changes in population fitness on the basis of a comprehensive suite of life-history traits, using an orthogonal experimental design of nominal temperature (18 °C, 22 °C) and \(p_{\mathrm{{CO}}_2}\) (400, 2,000 µatm) for 25 generations (~1 year). Egg production and hatching success initially decreased under OWA, resulting in a 56% reduction in fitness. However, both traits recovered by the third generation, and average fitness was reduced thereafter by only 9%. Antagonistic interactions between warming and acidification in later generations decreased survival, thereby limiting full fitness recovery. Our results suggest that such interactions constrain evolutionary rescue and add complexity to predictions of the responses of animal populations to climate change.

由于缺乏关于进化适应的多代研究，特别是对海洋变暖和酸化联合（OWA）的研究，阻碍了预测海洋动物对气候变化的反应。我们为快速适应OWA的基础桡足类物种，提供证据纺锤tonsa，通过评估的生活史特性的综合套件的基础上，在人口健康的变化，采用标称温度的正交实验设计（18°C，22 °C) 和\(p_{\mathrm{{CO}}_2}\)(400, 2,000 µatm) 25 代（约 1 年）。在 OWA 下，产蛋量和孵化成功率最初下降，导致适应度下降 56%。然而，这两个性状在第三代都恢复了，此后平均适应度仅降低了 9%。后代变暖和酸化之间的拮抗相互作用降低了存活率，从而限制了全面的健康恢复。我们的研究结果表明，这种相互作用限制了进化拯救，并增加了动物种群对气候变化反应的预测的复杂性。