The treatment of large segmental bone defects and complex types of fractures caused by trauma, inflammation, or tumor resection is still a challenge in the field of orthopedics. Various natural or synthetic biological materials used in clinical applications cannot fully replicate the structure and performance of raw bone. This highlights how to endow materials with multiple functions and biological properties, which is a problem that needs to be solved in practical applications. Hydrogels with outstanding biocompatibility, for their casting into any shape, size, or form, are suitable for different forms of bone defects. Therefore, they have been used in regenerative medicine more widely. In this review, versatile hydrogels are compounded with nanoparticles of different dimensions, and many desirable features of these materials in bone regeneration are introduced, including drug delivery, cell factor vehicle, cell scaffolds, which have potential in bone regeneration applications. The combination of hydrogels and nanoparticles of different dimensions encourages better filling of bone defect areas and has higher adaptability. This is due to the minimally invasive properties of the material and ability to match irregular defects. These biological characteristics make composite hydrogels with different dimensional nanoparticles become one of the most attractive options for bone regeneration materials.

中文翻译：

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具有不同尺寸纳米颗粒的水凝胶复合材料用于骨再生

外伤、炎症或肿瘤切除引起的大节段性骨缺损和复杂类型骨折的治疗仍然是骨科领域的挑战。临床应用中使用的各种天然或合成生物材料不能完全复制生骨的结构和性能。这就凸显了如何赋予材料多种功能和生物学特性，是实际应用中需要解决的问题。具有出色生物相容性的水凝胶，可铸成任何形状、大小或形式，适用于不同形式的骨缺损。因此，它们已更广泛地用于再生医学。在这篇综述中，多功能水凝胶与不同尺寸的纳米粒子复合，并且介绍了这些材料在骨再生中的许多理想特性，包括药物递送、细胞因子载体、细胞支架，它们在骨再生应用中具有潜力。不同尺寸的水凝胶和纳米颗粒的结合，可以更好地填充骨缺损区域，具有更高的适应性。这是由于材料的微创特性和匹配不规则缺陷的能力。这些生物学特性使具有不同尺寸纳米粒子的复合水凝胶成为骨再生材料最具吸引力的选择之一。不同尺寸的水凝胶和纳米颗粒的结合，可以更好地填充骨缺损区域，具有更高的适应性。这是由于材料的微创特性和匹配不规则缺陷的能力。这些生物学特性使具有不同尺寸纳米粒子的复合水凝胶成为骨再生材料最具吸引力的选择之一。不同尺寸的水凝胶和纳米颗粒的结合，可以更好地填充骨缺损区域，具有更高的适应性。这是由于材料的微创特性和匹配不规则缺陷的能力。这些生物学特性使具有不同尺寸纳米粒子的复合水凝胶成为骨再生材料最具吸引力的选择之一。