Theoretical prediction shows that about 9000 nuclei could be bounded, of which the properties will be hot topics in the new nuclear physics era opened by the new third generation of radioactive nuclear beam (RNB) facilities. Projectile fragmentation reactions are important to produce rare nuclei with extreme large $N/Z$ asymmetry even to the drip lines. Variety of key questions in nuclear physics, for example, the nuclear Equation of State, the extreme of nuclides at drip lines, the shell evolution, etc, are hoped to be answered. A review is presented on the topic related to projectile fragmentation reactions, including the historical review of RNB facilities, the characteristics of modern RNB facilities, the particle identification techniques for searching rare isotopes in RNB experiments and benchmark projectile fragmentation reactions. Furthermore, the theory reviews for fragment production predictions are also made, which include the empirical formula, transport models, statistical models, machine learning methods, etc. Some important probes to nuclear properties have also been presented, which are the temperature/thermometer, the isoscaling, the isobaric ratio difference scaling, the neutron-skin thickness, etc.

理论预测表明，大约有9000个原子核可以被包围，其中的性质将成为新型第三代放射性核束（RNB）设施开启的新核物理时代的热门话题。抛射物碎裂反应对于产生极大的稀有原子核很重要$N/Z$甚至滴水线也不对称。核物理中的各种关键问题，如核状态方程、滴线处核素极值、壳层演化等，都希望得到解答。综述了与弹丸碎裂反应相关的主题，包括RNB设施的历史回顾、现代RNB设施的特点、RNB实验中寻找稀有同位素的粒子识别技术和基准弹丸碎裂反应。此外，还对碎片产生预测进行了理论回顾，包括经验公式、输运模型、统计模型、机器学习方法等。还提出了一些重要的核特性探测，如温度/温度计​​、等比例，