Damage and disruption caused by floods do not just arise from the characteristics of physical structures, but also from the characteristics of residents inhabiting these structures. Social vulnerability analyses typically employ socio-demographic proxy indicators that do not address the risk attitudes, beliefs and agency of those living in areas at risk. To close this gap, this article introduces a range of indicators from psychological risk research. Physical, social and psychological indicators are compared for their influence on vulnerability outcomes such as building damage or emotional distress. Based on survey data of 456 Austrian at-risk households, hierarchical regression models confirm the added value of psychological indicators for measuring vulnerability above and beyond traditional physical and social indicators. Our findings show that psychological indicators are particularly important for explaining health impacts and distress. General intentions for flood preparedness, fear of flooding and self-efficacy are most relevant. For a more holistic view of vulnerability, measurement instruments should incorporate psychological indicators. Disaggregated household-level data is necessary to fully capture the variability between households living in the same flood-prone area. Indicators perform differently depending on the other indicators included, and the considered outcome; therefore, we caution against pooling indicators to composite indices of overall vulnerability.

中文翻译：

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人，而不仅仅是地方：通过心理指标扩大身体和社会脆弱性指数

洪水造成的破坏和破坏不仅源于物理结构的特性，还源于居住在这些结构中的居民的特性。社会脆弱性分析通常采用社会人口代理指标，这些指标不涉及生活在风险地区的人们的风险态度、信念和机构。为了弥补这一差距，本文介绍了一系列来自心理风险研究的指标。比较身体、社会和心理指标对脆弱性结果的影响，例如建筑物损坏或情绪困扰。基于对 456 个奥地利高危家庭的调查数据，层次回归模型证实了心理指标在衡量脆弱性方面的附加值高于传统的物理和社会指标。我们的研究结果表明，心理指标对于解释健康影响和困扰尤为重要。防洪的总体意图、对洪水的恐惧和自我效能最为相关。为了更全面地了解脆弱性，衡量工具应包含心理指标。需要分解家庭层面的数据，以充分了解生活在同一易发洪水地区的家庭之间的差异。指标的表现取决于所包含的其他指标和考虑的结果；因此，我们告诫不要将指标汇集到总体脆弱性的综合指数中。为了更全面地了解脆弱性，衡量工具应包含心理指标。需要分解家庭层面的数据，以充分了解生活在同一易发洪水地区的家庭之间的差异。指标的表现取决于所包含的其他指标和考虑的结果；因此，我们告诫不要将指标汇集到总体脆弱性的综合指数中。为了更全面地了解脆弱性，衡量工具应包含心理指标。需要分解家庭层面的数据，以充分了解生活在同一易发洪水地区的家庭之间的差异。指标的表现取决于所包含的其他指标和考虑的结果；因此，我们告诫不要将指标汇集到总体脆弱性的综合指数中。