Abstract

The advancement in urbanization and industrialization in recent times due to increase in population has led to generation of huge quantities of pollutants which are discharged into the biota without proper treatment leading to environmental pollution. This situation is causing a lot of concern to environmental conservationists. It has been proven that adsorption is superior to most of the conventional treatment techniques due to the fact that it is easy to design, insensitive to toxic pollutants, cheap and very efficient in removing pollutants at low solution concentrations. An adsorption isotherm relates the concentration of adsorbed adsorbate in the adsorbent to that in the bulk solution at constant pH and temperature. Hence isotherm modeling can predict the amount of adsorbate a given quantity of adsorbent can remove from solution under given conditions. This article reviewed various isotherm models used to describe adsorption systems whether singular or multiple-component. The applications, advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Error functions which bring out the closeness of predicted results to experimental data are discussed. The difficulty in predicting physisorption with isotherm models is mentioned suggesting that researches should be carried out applying IUPAC type VI Isotherms to resolve the problem.

摘要

近年来，由于人口增加，城市化和工业化进程的推进导致产生大量污染物，这些污染物未经适当处理就排放到生物群中，导致环境污染。这种情况引起了环保人士的极大关注。已经证明吸附优于大多数常规处理技术，因为它易于设计，对有毒污染物不敏感，便宜且在低溶液浓度下去除污染物非常有效。吸附等温线将吸附剂中吸附的被吸附物的浓度与在恒定 pH 和温度下的本体溶液中的浓度联系起来。因此等温线模型可以预测给定数量的吸附剂在给定条件下可以从溶液中去除的吸附质的量。本文回顾了用于描述单组分或多组分吸附系统的各种等温线模型。讨论了应用、优点和缺点。讨论了使预测结果与实验数据接近的误差函数。提到了用等温线模型预测物理吸附的困难，建议应用 IUPAC VI 型等温线进行研究来解决这个问题。讨论了使预测结果与实验数据接近的误差函数。提到了用等温线模型预测物理吸附的困难，建议应用 IUPAC VI 型等温线进行研究来解决这个问题。讨论了使预测结果与实验数据接近的误差函数。提到了用等温线模型预测物理吸附的困难，建议应用 IUPAC VI 型等温线进行研究来解决这个问题。