Microelectronics, as indispensable tools in clinics, can monitor physiological signals, treat diseases, and promote human health. An efficient and uninterrupted energy supply is key to the application of implanted and wearable devices. Traditional energy supply systems typically rely on batteries and connections to external power sources; however, the inconvenience of charging, limited working life of the battery, and the risk of reoperation limit their applications, and meanwhile prompt investigation of self-driven, long-term power supplies. The nanogenerator, as an ideal power supply, collects biomechanical energy from physiological activities such as muscle movement, heartbeat, respiration, gastric peristalsis, and performs electrical signal conversion for detection of physiological/pathological indicators, cardiac pacing, nerve stimulation, tissue repair, and weight control. Here, we review the design of nanogenerators and their biomedical applications, which may inspire future development of self-powered medical devices.

微电子作为临床不可或缺的工具，可以监测生理信号、治疗疾病、促进人体健康。高效且不间断的能源供应是植入式和可穿戴设备应用的关键。传统的能源供应系统通常依赖于电池和与外部电源的连接；但充电不便、电池寿命有限、再操作风险等问题限制了其应用，同时也加快了对自驱动、长寿命电源的研究。纳米发电机作为理想的电源，从肌肉运动、心跳、呼吸、胃蠕动等生理活动中收集生物力学能量，并进行电信号转换，用于生理/病理指标的检测、心脏起搏、神经刺激、组织修复和体重控制。在这里，我们回顾了纳米发电机的设计及其生物医学应用，这可能会激发自供电医疗设备的未来发展。