This work uses an intelligent algorithm named the wolf pack algorithm (WPA) in the design of multiple pairs of square Helmholtz coil structures to generate highly uniform magnetic fields within a limited volume for external magnetic shielding of magnetometers. Square Helmholtz coils are widely used in magnetic shielding, magnetic navigation, and aerospace applications, among others. The coil structure is simple, and the generated magnetic field is convenient to calculate. Simultaneously, we set the appropriate penalty function and boundary conditions as well as add the necessary design parameters to achieve the final design. Compared with the traditional design, this method solves the problem of coil assembly to generate a highly uniform magnetic field under various structural and process constraints. The results show that the uniformity of multiple pairs of coils is better than that of a single pair for the same volume and the uniformity of the coil designed by the WPA is better than that designed by the PSO. The measured results of the device are nearly consistent with the theoretical values.

这项工作在设计多对方形亥姆霍兹线圈结构时使用名为狼群算法（WPA）的智能算法，在有限体积内产生高度均匀的磁场，用于磁力计的外部磁屏蔽。方形亥姆霍兹线圈广泛用于磁屏蔽、磁导航和航空航天应用等。线圈结构简单，产生的磁场便于计算。同时，我们设置适当的惩罚函数和边界条件，并添加必要的设计参数以实现最终设计。与传统设计相比，该方法解决了线圈组装问题，在各种结构和工艺约束下产生高度均匀的磁场。结果表明，对于相同体积，多对线圈的均匀性优于单对线圈，WPA设计的线圈均匀性优于PSO设计的线圈。该装置的实测结果与理论值基本一致。