The paper is a third part of the themed issue “Aberrant cytogenetic and reproductive patterns in the evolution of Paraneoptera”, prepared by a Russian-Bulgarian research team on the basis of long-term collaborative studies. This chapter reviews different peculiar aberrations in the ontogenesis of Paraneoptera, such as the appearance of the quiescent apodal and/or arostrate instars, exuviatrial, pupillarial and pseudopupillarial development, cyclic parthenogenesis, etc. The material and methods, terminology and the nomenclature of the used taxonomic names are listed in the first chapter of the issue (Gavrilov-Zimin et al. 2021).

中文翻译：

---

副翅目中的异常个体发育和生命周期

该论文是俄罗斯-保加利亚研究团队在长期合作研究的基础上编写的主题问题“副翅目进化中的异常细胞遗传学和生殖模式”的第三部分。本章回顾了副翅目个体发育中不同的特殊畸变，如静止无足和/或离体龄的出现、蜕皮、瞳孔和假瞳孔发育、循环孤雌生殖等。所用材料和方法、术语和命名法分类名称列在该问题的第一章（Gavrilov-Zimin 等人，2021 年）。