Goal-directed behavior is a deeply important part of human psychology. People constantly set goals for themselves and pursue them in many domains of life. In this paper, we develop computational models that characterize how humans pursue goals in a complex dynamic environment and test how well they describe human behavior in an experiment. Our models are motivated by the principle of resource rationality and draw upon psychological insights about people's limited attention and planning capacities. We find that human goal pursuit is qualitatively different and substantially less efficient than optimal goal pursuit in our simulated environment. Models of goal pursuit based on the principle of resource rationality capture human behavior better than both a model of optimal goal pursuit and heuristics that are not resource-rational. We conclude that the way humans pursue goals is shaped by the need to achieve goals effectively as well as cognitive costs and constraints on planning and attention. Our findings are an important step toward understanding humans' goal pursuit as cognitive limitations play a crucial role in shaping people's goal-directed behavior.

中文翻译：

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人类目标追求的资源理性模型


目标导向的行为是人类心理学的重要组成部分。人们不断地为自己设定目标，并在生活的许多领域追求这些目标。在本文中，我们开发了计算模型来描述人类如何在复杂的动态环境中追求目标，并测试它们在实验中描述人类行为的能力。我们的模型受到资源合理性原则的启发，并借鉴了人们有限的注意力和规划能力的心理学见解。我们发现，在我们的模拟环境中，人类的目标追求与最佳目标追求有着本质上的不同，并且效率大大降低。基于资源合理性原则的目标追求模型比最优目标追求模型和非资源理性的启发式模型更好地捕捉人类行为。我们的结论是，人类追求目标的方式是由有效实现目标的需要以及认知成本和计划和注意力的限制决定的。我们的发现是理解人类目标追求的重要一步，因为认知限制在塑造人们的目标导向行为方面发挥着至关重要的作用。