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Neural Representations in the Prefrontal Cortex Are Task Dependent for Scene Attributes But Not for Scene Categories
Journal of Neuroscience ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-25 , DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2816-20.2021
Yaelan Jung , Dirk B. Walther

Natural scenes deliver rich sensory information about the world. Decades of research has shown that the scene-selective network in the visual cortex represents various aspects of scenes. However, less is known about how such complex scene information is processed beyond the visual cortex, such as in the prefrontal cortex. It is also unknown how task context impacts the process of scene perception, modulating which scene content is represented in the brain. In this study, we investigate these questions using scene images from four natural scene categories, which also depict two types of scene attributes, temperature (warm or cold), and sound level (noisy or quiet). A group of healthy human subjects from both sexes participated in the present study using fMRI. In the study, participants viewed scene images under two different task conditions: temperature judgment and sound-level judgment. We analyzed how these scene attributes and categories are represented across the brain under these task conditions. Our findings show that scene attributes (temperature and sound level) are only represented in the brain when they are task relevant. However, scene categories are represented in the brain, in both the parahippocampal place area and the prefrontal cortex, regardless of task context. These findings suggest that the prefrontal cortex selectively represents scene content according to task demands, but this task selectivity depends on the types of scene content: task modulates neural representations of scene attributes but not of scene categories.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Research has shown that visual scene information is processed in scene-selective regions in the occipital and temporal cortices. Here, we ask how scene content is processed and represented beyond the visual brain, in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We show that both scene categories and scene attributes are represented in PFC, with interesting differences in task dependency: scene attributes are only represented in PFC when they are task relevant, but scene categories are represented in PFC regardless of the task context. Together, our work shows that scene information is processed beyond the visual cortex, and scene representation in PFC reflects how adaptively our minds extract relevant information from a scene.



中文翻译:

前额叶皮层中的神经表征对于场景属性是任务依赖的,但对于场景类别则不是

自然场景提供有关世界的丰富感官信息。数十年的研究表明,视觉皮层中的场景选择网络代表了场景的各个方面。然而,关于如何在视觉皮层之外(例如在前额叶皮层)处理如此复杂的场景信息,人们知之甚少。任务上下文如何影响场景感知过程,调节大脑中表示哪些场景内容也是未知的。在这项研究中,我们使用来自四个自然场景类别的场景图像来调查这些问题,这些场景图像还描述了两种类型的场景属性,温度(暖或冷)和声级(嘈杂或安静)。来自两性的一组健康人类受试者使用 fMRI 参与了本研究。在研究中,参与者在两种不同的任务条件下查看场景图像:温度判断和声级判断。我们分析了这些场景属性和类别在这些任务条件下如何在大脑中表示。我们的研究结果表明,场景属性(温度和声级)仅在与任务相关时才会在大脑中表现出来。然而,无论任务上下文如何,场景类别都在大脑中表示,在海马旁区域和前额叶皮层中。这些发现表明,前额叶皮层根据任务需求选择性地表示场景内容,但这种任务选择性取决于场景内容的类型:任务调节场景属性的神经表示,而不是场景类别的神经表示。我们分析了这些场景属性和类别在这些任务条件下如何在大脑中表示。我们的研究结果表明,场景属性(温度和声级)仅在与任务相关时才会在大脑中表现出来。然而,无论任务上下文如何,场景类别都在大脑中表示,在海马旁区域和前额叶皮层中。这些发现表明,前额叶皮层根据任务需求选择性地表示场景内容,但这种任务选择性取决于场景内容的类型:任务调节场景属性的神经表示,而不是场景类别的神经表示。我们分析了这些场景属性和类别在这些任务条件下如何在大脑中表示。我们的研究结果表明,场景属性(温度和声级)仅在与任务相关时才会在大脑中表现出来。然而,无论任务上下文如何,场景类别都在大脑中表示,在海马旁区域和前额叶皮层中。这些发现表明,前额叶皮层根据任务需求选择性地表示场景内容,但这种任务选择性取决于场景内容的类型:任务调节场景属性的神经表示,而不是场景类别的神经表示。无论任务上下文如何,场景类别都在大脑中表示,在海马旁区域和前额叶皮层中。这些发现表明,前额叶皮层根据任务需求选择性地表示场景内容,但这种任务选择性取决于场景内容的类型:任务调节场景属性的神经表示,而不是场景类别的神经表示。无论任务上下文如何,场景类别都在大脑中表示,在海马旁区域和前额叶皮层中。这些发现表明,前额叶皮层根据任务需求选择性地表示场景内容,但这种任务选择性取决于场景内容的类型:任务调节场景属性的神经表示,而不是场景类别的神经表示。

重要性陈述研究表明,视觉场景信息是在枕叶和颞叶皮质的场景选择性区域中处理的。在这里,我们询问场景内容如何在视觉大脑之外,在前额叶皮层 (PFC) 中进行处理和表示。我们展示了场景类别和场景属性都在 PFC 中表示,在任务依赖性方面存在有趣的差异:场景属性仅在与任务相关时在 PFC 中表示,但场景类别在 PFC 中表示,而不管任务上下文如何。总之,我们的工作表明场景信息的处理超出了视觉皮层,PFC 中的场景表示反映了我们的大脑如何从场景中自适应地提取相关信息。

更新日期:2021-08-26
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