High-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) is a common aspect of chronic mountain sickness (CMS) caused by hypoxia and is the main cause of other symptoms associated with CMS. However, its pathogenesis and the mechanisms of high-altitude acclimation have not been fully elucidated. Exposure to high altitude is associated with elevated inflammatory mediators. In this study, the subjects were recruited and placed into a plain control (PC) group, plateau control (PUC) group, early HAPC (eHAPC) group, or a confirmed HAPC (cHAPC) group. Serum samples were collected, and inflammatory factors were measured by a novel antibody array methodology. The serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-3 (IL-3), and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the eHAPC group and the levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-2, IL-3, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), MCP-1, and interleukin-16 (IL-16) in the cHAPC group were higher than those in the PUC group. More interestingly, the expression of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-3, TNF-alpha, MCP-1, and IL-16 in the PUC group showed a remarkable lower value than that in the PC group. These results suggest that these six factors might be involved in the pathogenesis of HAPC as well as acclimation to high altitudes. Altered inflammatory factors might be new biomarkers for HAPC and for high-altitude acclimation.

中文翻译：

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高海拔红细胞增多症发病机制及适应高海拔机制的血清炎症因子谱

高原红细胞增多症 (HAPC) 是由缺氧引起的慢性高山病 (CMS) 的常见方面，并且是与 CMS 相关的其他症状的主要原因。但其发病机制及高原驯化机制尚未完全阐明。暴露于高海拔与炎症介质升高有关。在这项研究中，受试者被招募并被分配到普通对照组（PC）组、高原对照组（PUC）组、早期HAPC（eHAPC）组或确认HAPC（cHAPC）组。收集血清样本，并通过一种新的抗体阵列方法测量炎症因子。eHAPC组血清白细胞介素2（IL-2）、白细胞介素3（IL-3）、巨噬细胞趋化蛋白1（MCP-1）水平及白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）水平)、IL-2、IL-3、cHAPC组的肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、MCP-1和白细胞介素-16（IL-16）均高于PUC组。更有趣的是，PUC组中IL-1β、IL-2、IL-3、TNF-α、MCP-1和IL-16的表达值显着低于PC组。这些结果表明这六个因素可能与HAPC的发病机制以及对高海拔地区的适应有关。改变的炎症因子可能是 HAPC 和高海拔适应的新生物标志物。这些结果表明这六个因素可能与HAPC的发病机制以及对高海拔地区的适应有关。改变的炎症因子可能是 HAPC 和高海拔适应的新生物标志物。这些结果表明这六个因素可能与HAPC的发病机制以及对高海拔地区的适应有关。改变的炎症因子可能是 HAPC 和高海拔适应的新生物标志物。