Do spatial socioeconomic features influence a digital behaviour like cyberhate? Our contribution provides an answer to this question, showing how high levels of income inequality determine high volumes of hate tweets in Italy. Our findings are robust to potential endogeneity problems of income inequality, as well as to the inclusion of confounding factors and to competing estimation strategies. Additionally, we find that education does not act as a protective factor against cyberhate in unequal places, aligning with existing evidence showing that inequality may trigger intolerance, including among educated people, threatening the perceived stability of social positions. Also, in the Italian case, the perception of economic insecurity fuels cyberhate, alongside the transmission of self-interest values along family generations. The latter finding relates to existing evidence supporting the role of persistent social norms in shaping people’s attitudes.

中文翻译：

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愤怒的小鸟在哪里发推文？意大利的收入不平等和网络仇恨

空间社会经济特征会影响网络仇恨等数字行为吗？我们的贡献为这个问题提供了答案，展示了严重的收入不平等如何决定意大利的大量仇恨推文。我们的研究结果对于收入不平等的潜在内生性问题、混杂因素的包含和竞争性估计策略是稳健的。此外，我们发现在不平等的地方，教育并不能作为防止网络仇恨的保护因素，这与现有证据一致，表明不平等可能引发不容忍，包括受过教育的人，威胁到社会地位的感知稳定性。此外，在意大利的案例中，对经济不安全感的看法助长了网络仇恨，同时自利价值观在家族世代之间传递。