The use of enzymes in industrial processes requires the improvement of their features in many instances. Enzyme immobilization, a requirement to facilitate the recovery and reuse of these water-soluble catalysts, is one of the tools that researchers may utilize to improve many of their properties. This review is focused on how enzyme immobilization may improve enzyme stability. Starting from the stabilization effects that an enzyme may experience by the mere fact of being inside a solid particle, we detail other possibilities to stabilize enzymes: generation of favorable enzyme environments, prevention of enzyme subunit dissociation in multimeric enzymes, generation of more stable enzyme conformations, or enzyme rigidification via multipoint covalent attachment. In this last point, we will discuss the features of an “ideal” immobilization protocol to maximize the intensity of the enzyme-support interactions. The most interesting active groups in the support (glutaraldehyde, epoxide, glyoxyl and vinyl sulfone) will be also presented, discussing their main properties and uses. Some instances in which the number of enzyme-support bonds is not directly related to a higher stabilization will be also presented. Finally, the possibility of coupling site-directed mutagenesis or chemical modification to get a more intense multipoint covalent immobilization will be discussed.

在许多情况下，酶在工业过程中的使用需要改进其特性。酶固定化是促进这些水溶性催化剂回收和再利用的一项要求，是研究人员可以用来改善其许多性能的工具之一。这篇综述的重点是酶固定化如何提高酶的稳定性。从酶在固体颗粒内部可能会经历的稳定效应开始，我们详细介绍了稳定酶的其他可能性：产生有利的酶环境，防止多聚酶中的酶亚基解离，产生更稳定的酶构象，或通过多点共价连接的酶刚性化。在这最后一点，我们将讨论“理想”固定方案的特征，以最大限度地提高酶-支持物相互作用的强度。还将介绍载体中最有趣的活性基团（戊二醛、环氧化物、乙醛基和乙烯基砜），讨论它们的主要特性和用途。也将介绍一些实例，其中酶-载体键的数量与更高的稳定性没有直接关系。最后，将讨论耦合定点诱变或化学修饰以获得更强烈的多点共价固定的可能性。也将介绍一些实例，其中酶-载体键的数量与更高的稳定性没有直接关系。最后，将讨论耦合定点诱变或化学修饰以获得更强烈的多点共价固定的可能性。也将介绍一些实例，其中酶-载体键的数量与更高的稳定性没有直接关系。最后，将讨论耦合定点诱变或化学修饰以获得更强烈的多点共价固定的可能性。