Intracellular Ca²⁺ is a key regulator of cell signaling and sperm are not the exception. Cells often use cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]_i) oscillations as a means to decodify external and internal information. [Ca²⁺]_i oscillations faster than those usually found in other cells and correlated with flagellar beat were the first to be described in sperm in 1993 by Susan Suarez, in the boar. More than 20 years passed before similar [Ca²⁺]_i oscillations were documented in human sperm, simultaneously examining their flagellar beat in three dimensions by Corkidi et al. 2017. On the other hand, 10 years after the discovery of the fast boar [Ca²⁺]_i oscillations, slower ones triggered by compounds from the egg external envelope were found to regulate cell motility and chemotaxis in sperm from marine organisms. Today it is known that sperm display fast and slow spontaneous and agonist triggered [Ca²⁺]_i oscillations. In mammalian sperm these Ca²⁺ transients may act like a multifaceted tool that regulates fundamental functions such as motility and acrosome reaction. This review covers the main sperm species and experimental conditions where [Ca²⁺]_i oscillations have been described and discusses what is known about the transporters involved, their regulation and the physiological purpose of these oscillations. There is a lot to be learned regarding the origin, regulation and physiological relevance of these Ca²⁺ oscillations.

细胞内 Ca ²⁺是细胞信号传导的关键调节剂，精子也不例外。细胞通常使用细胞质 Ca ²⁺浓度 ([Ca ²⁺ ] _i ) 振荡作为解码外部和内部信息的手段。[Ca ²⁺ ] _i振荡比通常在其他细胞中发现的更快，并且与鞭毛搏动相关，这是 1993 年 Susan Suarez 在公猪中首次在精子中描述的。^{类似 [Ca 2+} ] _i已经过去了 20 多年Corkidi 等人在人类精子中记录了振荡，同时在三个维度上检查了它们的鞭毛跳动。2017. 另一方面，在发现快速公猪 [Ca ²⁺ ] _i振荡 10 年后，发现由卵外膜中的化合物触发的较慢的振荡可调节海洋生物精子中的细胞运动和趋化性。今天，众所周知，精子表现出快速和缓慢的自发性和激动剂引发的 [Ca ²⁺ ] _i振荡。在哺乳动物精子中，这些 Ca ²⁺瞬变可能像一个多方面的工具，调节基本功能，如运动和顶体反应。这篇综述涵盖了主要的精子种类和实验条件，其中 [Ca²⁺ ] _i振荡已被描述并讨论了所涉及的转运蛋白的已知信息、它们的调节和这些振荡的生理目的。^{关于这些 Ca 2+}振荡的起源、调节和生理相关性，还有很多需要了解。