AMPA receptors are tetrameric ionic glutamate receptors, which mediate 90% fast excitatory synaptic transmission induced by excitatory glutamate in the mammalian central nervous system through the activation or inactivation of ion channels. The alternation of synaptic AMPA receptor number and subtype is thought to be one of the primary mechanisms that involve in synaptic plasticity regulation and affect the functions in learning, memory, and cognition. The increasing of surface AMPARs enhances synaptic strength during long-term potentiation, whereas the decreasing of AMPARs weakens synaptic strength during the long-term depression. It is closely related to the AMPA receptor as well as its subunits assembly, trafficking, and degradation. The dysfunction of any step in these precise regulatory processes is likely to induce the disorder of synaptic transmission and loss of neurons, or even cause neuropsychiatric diseases ultimately. Therefore, it is useful to understand how AMPARs regulate synaptic plasticity and its role in related neuropsychiatric diseases via comprehending architecture and trafficking of the receptors. Here, we reviewed the progress in structure, expression, trafficking, and relationship with synaptic plasticity of AMPA receptor, especially in anxiety, depression, neurodegenerative disorders, and cerebral ischemia.

AMPA 受体是四聚体离子型谷氨酸受体，通过离子通道的激活或失活，介导哺乳动物中枢神经系统中兴奋性谷氨酸诱导的 90% 快速兴奋性突触传递。突触 AMPA 受体数量和亚型的交替被认为是涉及突触可塑性调节并影响学习、记忆和认知功能的主要机制之一。表面 AMPARs 的增加会增强长期增强期间的突触强度，而 AMPARs 的减少会削弱长期抑制期间的突触强度。它与 AMPA 受体及其亚基组装、运输和降解密切相关。这些精准调控过程中的任何一个环节出现功能障碍，都可能导致突触传递障碍和神经元丢失，甚至最终导致神经精神疾病。因此，了解 AMPAR 如何通过了解受体的结构和运输来调节突触可塑性及其在相关神经精神疾病中的作用是有用的。在这里，我们回顾了 AMPA 受体的结构、表达、运输和与突触可塑性的关系，特别是在焦虑、抑郁、神经退行性疾病和脑缺血方面的进展。了解 AMPAR 如何通过理解受体的结构和运输来调节突触可塑性及其在相关神经精神疾病中的作用是有用的。在这里，我们回顾了 AMPA 受体的结构、表达、运输和与突触可塑性的关系，特别是在焦虑、抑郁、神经退行性疾病和脑缺血方面的进展。了解 AMPAR 如何通过理解受体的结构和运输来调节突触可塑性及其在相关神经精神疾病中的作用是有用的。在这里，我们回顾了 AMPA 受体的结构、表达、运输和与突触可塑性的关系，特别是在焦虑、抑郁、神经退行性疾病和脑缺血方面的进展。