Calcite (Cc) has been tested as a potential phosphorus (P) binding agent to be used for non-invasive P removal from lakes. In this approach P binding agent is placed in the water column and subsequently removed together with the sorbed P. Mechanism of orthophosphate (OP) sorption onto Cc and Cc behaviour were investigated under epilimnetic and hypolimnetic temperature, pH and saturation with respect to Cc (25°C, pH = 9.0, saturation index for Cc (SI_Cc) = 1.4, and 10°C, pH = 7.1, SI_Cc = -0.7, respectively) at an initial OP concentration of ∼ 1 mg PO₄³⁻ L⁻¹ in the range of Cc dosages of 0.01–20.1 g L⁻¹, resulting in OP:Cc mass ratios of 0.06–85 mg:g. Prevailing OP binding processes were adsorption and precipitation, depending on OP:Cc mass ratio (adsorption predominated at low OP:Cc and precipitation at high OP:Cc). Under epilimnetic conditions, approximately five times lower OP:Cc mass ratio was needed to induce precipitation as compared to hypolimnion, indicating at a greater probability of precipitation in epilimnion, while adsorption was more likely to occur in hypolimnion. In epilimnion, co-precipitation of OP was also involved together with adsorption. Calculated maximum adsorption was 35% higher in epilimnion, whereas obtained precipitation rates (measured as unit sorption) were 87% higher, showing promoting effect of epilimnetic conditions on OP removal. Application of Cc into epilimnion will result in a pH drop which can reduce occurrence of cyanobacteria. Application of Cc into hypolimnion will result in its partial dissolution, while most of the applied Cc mass will be removable after the finished treatment.

方解石 (Cc) 已被测试为一种潜在的磷 (P) 结合剂，可用于从湖泊中非侵入性地去除磷。在这种方法中，P 结合剂被放置在水柱中，随后与吸附的 P 一起去除。正磷酸盐 (OP) 吸附到 Cc 上的机制和 Cc 行为在流水和水下温度、pH 和饱和度下研究了 Cc (25 °C, pH = 9.0, Cc (SI _Cc ) = 1.4 的饱和指数, 和 10°C, pH = 7.1, SI _Cc  = -0.7, 在初始 OP 浓度约为 1 mg PO ₄ ^3- L ^{- 1}在 Cc 剂量范围为 0.01–20.1 g L ^-1，导致 OP:Cc 质量比为 0.06–85 mg:g。主要的 OP 结合过程是吸附和沉淀，这取决于 OP:Cc 质量比（在低 OP:Cc 时吸附占优势，而在高 OP:Cc 时沉淀为主）。在水流条件下，与下水层相比，诱导沉淀所需的 OP:Cc 质量比大约低 5 倍，这表明在水层中沉淀的可能性更大，而在水下水层中更有可能发生吸附。在浮游过程中，OP 的共沉淀也与吸附一起参与。计算的最大吸附在表层中高 35%，而获得的沉淀率（以单位吸附量衡量）高 87%，表明表层条件对 OP 去除有促进作用。将 Cc 应用于表皮会导致 pH 值下降，从而减少蓝藻的发生。将 Cc 应用到水膜中会导致其部分溶解，而大部分应用的 Cc 物质在完成处理后将可以去除。