Drug resistance has now become a serious concern in the domain of microbial infection. Bacteria are becoming smarter by displaying a variety of mechanisms during drug resistance. It is not only helping bacteria to adapt nicely in adverse environment but it also makes a smart system for better availability of nutritional status for microorganisms. In this domain, pathogenic bacteria are extensively studied and their mechanism for drug resistance is well explored. The common modes in bacterial resistance include degradation of antibiotics by enzymes, antibiotic target modification or inactivation by enzymatic actions, complete replacement of antibiotic targets, quorum sensing (QS) mechanism, and efflux pump-based extrusion of antibiotics. In this review, various mechanisms of drug resistance in bacteria have been highlighted with giving the importance of efflux pumps. This can be explored as a knowledge source for the management of a variety of bacterial infections, related disease and vibrant clue for next-generation drug development.

耐药性现已成为微生物感染领域的一个严重问题。细菌通过在耐药过程中表现出各种机制而变得更聪明。它不仅可以帮助细菌在不利的环境中很好地适应，而且还可以构建一个智能系统，以更好地为微生物提供营养状态。在这个领域，病原菌得到了广泛的研究，并且很好地探索了它们的耐药机制。细菌耐药的常见模式包括酶降解抗生素、酶促作用使抗生素靶标修饰或失活、抗生素靶标的完全替代、群体感应（QS）机制和基于外排泵的抗生素挤出。在这次审查中，已经强调了细菌耐药性的各种机制，并给出了外排泵的重要性。这可以作为管理各种细菌感染、相关疾病和下一代药物开发的充满活力的线索的知识来源进行探索。