Abstract

Skeletal muscles are well known to have a high degree of plasticity. Gravitational unloading has a strong impact on the structural and functional organization of the postural muscles. Skeletal muscle has a unique ability to repair damage. Recovery (regeneration) of muscles is carried out by satellite cells. Myosatellite cells are quiescent mononuclear cells (G0 cell cycle phase) located at the periphery of the muscle fiber. When muscles are damaged, satellite cells are activated and become involved in proliferation, giving rise to new satellite cells and myoblasts. Differentiated myoblasts can fuse with muscle fibers during muscle hypertrophy and regeneration, as well as with each other to form new muscle fibers. Studies of the effect of gravitational unloading on muscle satellite cells are scarce. This review addresses the influence of gravitational unloading on the pool of muscle satellite cells and the mechanisms of skeletal muscle regeneration after injury. Based on the literature data, the authors found out that the mechanisms underlying a change in the regenerative potential of muscles under gravitational unloading conditions are poorly understood. The authors highlight the need for further studies of the regenerative potential of satellite cells under microgravity conditions.

中文翻译：

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重力卸载条件下的肌卫星细胞

摘要

众所周知，骨骼肌具有高度的可塑性。重力卸载对姿势肌肉的结构和功能组织有很强的影响。骨骼肌具有修复损伤的独特能力。肌肉的恢复（再生）是由卫星细胞进行的。肌卫星细胞是位于肌纤维外围的静止单核细胞（G0 细胞周期阶段）。当肌肉受损时，卫星细胞被激活并参与增殖，产生新的卫星细胞和成肌细胞。分化的成肌细胞在肌肉肥大和再生过程中可以与肌纤维融合，也可以相互融合形成新的肌纤维。关于重力卸载对肌肉卫星细胞的影响的研究很少。这篇综述讨论了重力卸载对肌肉卫星细胞池的影响以及损伤后骨骼肌再生的机制。根据文献数据，作者发现在重力卸载条件下肌肉再生潜力变化的机制知之甚少。作者强调需要进一步研究微重力条件下卫星细胞的再生潜力。