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The Gut–Brain Axis and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in the Regulation of Epileptogenesis
Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology ( IF 0.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-24 , DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021040013
O. E. Zubareva 1 , T. B. Melik-Kasumov 2
Affiliation  

Abstract

A large proportion of patients with epilepsy suffer from pharmacoresistant forms of the disease, and this makes the search for new treatments urgent. The possible role of gut–brain interactions in the pathogenesis of epilepsy is widely discussed. Recent experimental and clinical studies show a correlation between gut microbiota balance and epileptogenesis severity. Besides, various methods of modifying the microbiota composition demonstrate its significant impact on the clinical course of epilepsy. Nevertheless, the question remains open as to the basic receptor link of the gut–brain axis, which is an interface between the gut microorganisms and the body’s regulatory systems. This review aims to analyze the pathways and levels of gut microbiota involvement in epilepsy pathogenesis and recovery from this disease. Among these pathways, the neural, metabolic, immune, and endocrine pathways are distinguished. Analysis of the data obtained to date shows a significant role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in these processes. The expression of these receptors in the main gut–brain axis structures, the presence of their ligands among the metabolites of microbiota, and the anticonvulsant and/or neuroprotective activities described for some PPAR agonists allow us to hypothesize the role of PPARs as the above-mentioned signal interface in the gut–brain axis. Separately, the review addresses the therapeutic potential of PPAR agonists in epilepsy treatment.



中文翻译:

癫痫发生调节中的肠脑轴和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体

摘要

很大一部分癫痫患者患有该疾病的药物抗性形式,这使得寻找新的治疗方法变得紧迫。肠-脑相互作用在癫痫发病机制中的可能作用被广泛讨论。最近的实验和临床研究表明,肠道菌群平衡与癫痫发生严重程度之间存在相关性。此外,改变微生物群组成的各种方法表明其对癫痫的临床过程具有显着影响。然而,关于肠-脑轴的基本受体联系的问题仍然存在,这是肠道微生物和身体调节系统之间的接口。本综述旨在分析肠道微生物群参与癫痫发病机制和疾病康复的途径和水平。在这些通路中,神经、代谢途径、免疫途径和内分泌途径是有区别的。对迄今为止获得的数据的分析表明,过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 (PPAR) 在这些过程中发挥着重要作用。这些受体在主要肠 - 脑轴结构中的表达,微生物群代谢物中它们配体的存在,以及针对某些 PPAR 激动剂描述的抗惊厥和/或神经保护活性使我们能够假设 PPAR 的作用如上:提到了肠-脑轴中的信号接口。另外,该评价讨论了 PPAR 激动剂在癫痫治疗中的治疗潜力。这些受体在主要肠 - 脑轴结构中的表达,微生物群代谢物中它们配体的存在,以及针对某些 PPAR 激动剂描述的抗惊厥和/或神经保护活性使我们能够假设 PPAR 的作用如上:提到了肠-脑轴中的信号接口。另外,该评价讨论了 PPAR 激动剂在癫痫治疗中的治疗潜力。这些受体在主要肠 - 脑轴结构中的表达,微生物群代谢物中它们配体的存在,以及针对某些 PPAR 激动剂描述的抗惊厥和/或神经保护活性使我们能够假设 PPAR 的作用如上:提到了肠-脑轴中的信号接口。另外,该评价讨论了 PPAR 激动剂在癫痫治疗中的治疗潜力。

更新日期:2021-08-25
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