To forecast species responses to environmental changes, it is crucial to understand drivers of species distribution acting at multiple spatial and temporal scales. While hydrology is acknowledged as a key driver for freshwater species, most studies have been limited to perennial river flow regimes when exploring species distribution in rivers. We developed a method to characterize stream flow to subsequently account for flow intermittence in species distribution models (SDMs). First, we used the hydrological Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate flow in the French Pyrenees at fine spatial grain and large spatial extent. Several metrics characterizing flow intermittence were subsequently included in a SDM along with topographic, hydrographic, climatic and land use variables. We applied this methodology to an extensive data set of the Pyrenean brook newt (Calotriton asper) presence in France. This amphibian is highly dependent on aquatic habitats, and its distribution could be mainly driven by hydrological and climatic variables. We found that 60% of the stream network of the study area is intermittent. Maximum air temperature and proportion of agricultural areas contribution in explaining species distribution were the most important (26.3% and 21.2%, respectively). Both variables negatively influenced the probability of presence of the Pyrenean brook newt. We also found a negative correlation with the frequency of zero-flow events (13%), emphasizing the role of flow intermittence in driving aquatic species distribution. Our study provides new insights into fine-grained hydrology in the Pyrenees and illustrates intermittence characterization and mapping methods that could be applied elsewhere.

中文翻译：

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考虑淡水物种分布模型中的流量间歇性

为了预测物种对环境变化的反应，了解物种分布在多个空间和时间尺度上的驱动因素至关重要。虽然水文学被认为是淡水物种的关键驱动因素，但在探索河流物种分布时，大多数研究仅限于常年河流流态。我们开发了一种表征河流流动的方法，以随后解释物种分布模型 (SDM) 中的流动间歇性。首先，我们使用水文土壤和水评估工具 (SWAT) 以精细的空间粒度和大空间范围模拟法国比利牛斯山脉的水流。几个表征流量间歇性的指标随后与地形、水文、气候和土地利用变量一起包含在 SDM 中。铁蒺藜) 在法国的存在。这种两栖动物高度依赖水生栖息地，其分布可能主要受水文和气候变量驱动。我们发现研究区60%的河网是断断续续的。最高气温和农业区比例对解释物种分布的贡献最为重要（分别为26.3%和21.2%）。这两个变量都对比利牛斯河蝾螈存在的概率产生负面影响。我们还发现与零流量事件的频率 (13%) 呈负相关，强调了流量间歇在推动水生物种分布方面的作用。我们的研究为比利牛斯山脉的细粒度水文学提供了新的见解，并说明了可以在其他地方应用的间歇性表征和制图方法。