Many measures have been taken to counter recidivism into gang criminality, amongst other the efforts to prevent arrested gang members to return to their gangs after imprisonment. Whereas the conditions for successful intervention may be hard to unravel, this article will claim that some efforts may be destined to failure by default, because they do not adequately address issues of social identity as a central part of the problem, e.g. replacing one identity with another when leaving one community to establish a meaningful life in another. This article presents some views on social identity from the standpoint of pragmatism and demonstrates how their application on recidivism into gang-related crime reveals problematic issues for social work. To that end, this article takes departure in outlaw-biker communities as illustrative example and make use of two interviews with former presidents of a well-known club.

中文翻译：

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作为社会认同问题的犯罪团伙累犯——实用主义视角下的一些应用

已经采取了许多措施来打击帮派犯罪的累犯，其中包括努力防止被捕的帮派成员在入狱后返回他们的帮派。尽管成功干预的条件可能很难解开，但本文将声称，默认情况下，某些努力可能注定要失败，因为它们没有充分解决作为问题核心部分的社会身份问题，例如，将一个身份替换为另一个是离开一个社区在另一个社区建立有意义的生活。本文从实用主义的角度提出了一些关于社会认同的观点，并展示了它们在累犯与帮派相关犯罪中的应用如何揭示社会工作的问题。为此，