Adrenal myelolipomas are benign, lipomatous tumours with elements of myeloid cells, most of which present as adrenal incidentalomas and comprise 3·3–6·5% of all adrenal masses. Adrenal myelolipomas are usually unilateral (in 95% of cases), variable in size, most often found during midlife, and affect both sexes almost equally. On imaging, adrenal myelolipomas show pathognomonic imaging features consistent with the presence of macroscopic fat. Large adrenal myelolipomas can cause symptoms of mass effect, and can occasionally be complicated by haemorrhage. In the event of a concomitant adrenal cortical adenoma or hyperplasia, adrenal hormone excess might be detected in patients with adrenal myelolipoma. Patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia exhibit a higher prevalence of adrenal myelolipomas than other patient groups, and are at risk of developing large and bilateral lesions. This Review discusses the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management of adrenal myelolipomas

肾上腺骨髓脂肪瘤是一种良性的脂肪瘤，具有骨髓细胞成分，其中大多数表现为肾上腺偶发瘤，占所有肾上腺肿块的 3·3-6·5%。肾上腺骨髓脂肪瘤通常是单侧的（在 95% 的病例中），大小不一，最常见于中年，并且几乎同等地影响两性。在影像学上，肾上腺骨髓脂肪瘤显示出与肉眼可见脂肪一致的特征性影像学特征。大的肾上腺骨髓脂肪瘤可引起占位效应的症状，偶尔可并发出血。如果伴有肾上腺皮质腺瘤或增生，肾上腺骨髓脂肪瘤患者可能会检测到肾上腺激素过多。先天性肾上腺增生症患者比其他患者组表现出更高的肾上腺骨髓脂肪瘤患病率，并且有发生大的双侧病变的风险。本综述讨论了肾上腺骨髓脂肪瘤的发病机制、临床表现和治疗