Abstract

The pollution arising from emulsified oil/water mixtures is an issue of great concern owing to its fatal impact on the ecosystems and human health, which has stimulated one to develop advanced separation materials. Electrospun nanofibrous materials featured with controllable wettability, diverse pore structures, and excellent pore connectivity have received tremendous attention. Here we mainly focus on the systematic design and construction of nanofibrous materials by electrospinning for oil/water emulsion separation. Firstly, a comprehensive understanding of emulsion separation is provided, and then we discuss the considerations for nanofibrous materials to realize emulsion separation. Then, the materials will be categorized into three types, involving membranes with small pore size, membranes with hierarchical fibers, and aerogel with tortuous microchannels. In each section, we introduce the representative work, preparation strategies, and the relationship between fibrous structure, material wettability, and separation performance. Finally, the promising perspectives and challenges in the field are summarized.

摘要

乳化油/水混合物造成的污染因其对生态系统和人类健康的致命影响而备受关注，这促使人们开发先进的分离材料。具有可控润湿性、多样的孔结构和优异的孔连通性的电纺纳米纤维材料受到了极大的关注。在这里，我们主要关注通过静电纺丝系统设计和构建用于油/水乳液分离的纳米纤维材料。首先对乳液分离进行了全面的了解，然后讨论了纳米纤维材料实现乳液分离的注意事项。然后，将材料分为三种类型，包括小孔径膜、分层纤维膜、和带有曲折微通道的气凝胶。在每个部分中，我们都会介绍代表性工作、制备策略以及纤维结构、材料润湿性和分离性能之间的关系。最后，总结了该领域的前景和挑战。