Environmental pollution by lead is an old, still unsolved health issue, calling for advanced remediation strategies. Here, we review lead toxicity, lead bioremediation with bacteria, and topics such as efflux, biosorption, exopolysaccharide, bioprecipitation, biomineralization, bioaccumulation and sequestration. Bacteria tune their response at the molecular level by expressing specific genes and proteins to combat lead toxicity. Biosorption and bioprecipitation can be used successfully to clean polluted environments. Bacterial bioremediation can be combined with phytoremediation for more effective bioremediation. Bacterial lead bioremediation is limited by environmental conditions, nutrients availability and the presence of other pollutants bacterial growth.

铅造成的环境污染是一个古老的、仍未解决的健康问题，需要采取先进的补救策略。在这里，我们回顾了铅毒性、细菌对铅的生物修复，以及外排、生物吸附、胞外多糖、生物沉淀、生物矿化、生物积累和螯合等主题。细菌通过表达特定的基因和蛋白质来对抗铅毒性，从而在分子水平上调整它们的反应。生物吸附和生物沉淀可成功用于清洁污染环境。细菌生物修复可以与植物修复相结合，以获得更有效的生物修复。细菌铅生物修复受到环境条件、营养物质的可用性和其他污染物细菌生长的限制。