The present work aimed to review the immune response from different triatomines against Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli and propose the study of immune memory in such insects. Trypanosoma use triatomines as vectors to reach and infect mammals. A key question to be answered about vector-parasite interaction is why the immune defense and resistance of the insect against the parasites vary. Up to date data shows that the defense of triatomines against parasites includes cellular (phagocytosis, nodulation and encapsulation) and humoral (antimicrobial peptides, phenoloxidase and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species) responses. The immune response varies depending on the triatomine species, the trypanosome strain and species, and the insect intestinal microbiota. Despite significant advances to understand parasite-insect interaction, it is still unknown if triatomines have immune memory against parasites and if this memory may derive from tolerance to parasites attack. Therefore, a closer study of such interaction could contribute and establish new proposals to control the parasite at the vector level to reduce parasite transmission to mammals, including men. For instance, if immune memory exists in the triatomines, it would be interesting to induce weak infections in insects to find out if subsequent infections are less intense and if the insects succeed in eliminating the parasites.

目前的工作旨在审查不同 triatomines 对克氏锥虫和范围锥虫的免疫反应并提议研究此类昆虫的免疫记忆。锥虫使用triatomines 作为载体来接触和感染哺乳动物。关于媒介-寄生虫相互作用需要回答的一个关键问题是为什么昆虫对寄生虫的免疫防御和抵抗力会有所不同。最新数据表明，triatomines 对寄生虫的防御包括细胞（吞噬作用、结瘤和包裹）和体液（抗菌肽、酚氧化酶和活性氧和氮物种）反应。免疫反应因锥虫物种、锥虫菌株和物种以及昆虫肠道微生物群而异。尽管在了解寄生虫-昆虫相互作用方面取得了重大进展，但仍然未知三叶草是否具有针对寄生虫的免疫记忆，以及这种记忆是否可能源自对寄生虫攻击的耐受性。因此，对这种相互作用进行更深入的研究可能有助于并提出新的建议，以在媒介水平上控制寄生虫，以减少寄生虫向哺乳动物（包括男性）的传播。例如，如果 triatomines 中存在免疫记忆，那么在昆虫中诱导微弱感染以了解后续感染是否不那么强烈以及昆虫是否成功消灭寄生虫将是有趣的。