Bed bug control highly depends on insecticides with a limited number of modes of action, especially since the global prevalence of pyrethroid resistance. De facto insecticide options against bed bugs in Japan are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEis) that consist of organophosphates and carbamates. However, the status of AChEi resistance and the mechanisms involved have not been ascertained. An amino acid substitution mutation, F348Y (or F331Y in standard numbering), occurring at an acyl-binding site of the paralogous AChE gene (p-Ace), was identified among AChEi-resistant colonies of both common and tropical bed bugs (Cimex lectularius and C. hemipterus, respectively). This mutation was genetically associated with propoxur and fenitrothion resistance in F348Y-segregating colonies of C. hemipterus. Inhibition of heterologously expressed C. lectularius p-Ace with insecticides revealed that the sensitivities of F348Y-carrying AChE decreased by orders of 10- to more than 100-fold for diazoxon, carbaryl, fenitroxon, paraoxon, chlorpyrifos-methyl, malaoxon, azamethiphos, methyl-paraoxon, and propoxur. In contrast, the mutant AChE showed a slightly decreased degree of sensitivity for dichlorvos and almost unchanged sensitivity for metoxadiazone. Further studies are needed to ascertain whether the practical efficacies of dichlorvos and metoxadiazone are ensured against F348Y-carrying bed bugs and whether other resistance mechanisms are involved.

臭虫控制高度依赖于作用方式有限的杀虫剂，特别是因为拟除虫菊酯抗药性在全球流行。在日本，针对臭虫的实际杀虫剂选择是乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂 (AChEis)，它由有机磷酸盐和氨基甲酸酯组成。然而，AChEi 抗性的状态和所涉及的机制尚未确定。的氨基酸取代突变，F348Y（或在标准编号F331Y），在共生同源的AChE基因（的酰基结合位点存在的P-王牌）中，二者共同和热带臭虫的AChEI抗性菌落中识别（温带臭虫和C. hemipterus， 分别）。这种突变在遗传上与C. hemipterus 的 F348Y 分离菌落中的残杀威和杀螟虫抗性有关。用杀虫剂抑制异源表达的C. lectularius p-Ace表明携带 F348Y 的 AChE 的敏感性降低了 10 到 100 倍以上的重氮磷、甲萘威、非硝唑、对氧磷、甲基毒死蜱、丙磷磷、氮杂甲虫甲基对氧磷和残杀威。相比之下，突变的 AChE 对敌敌畏，对甲氧沙宗的敏感性几乎没有变化。需要进一步的研究来确定敌敌畏和甲氧嘧啶对携带 F348Y 的臭虫的实际功效是否有保证，以及是否涉及其他抗性机制。