Fibrinogen, one of the most abundant plasma proteins playing a key role in hemostasis, is an important modulator of wound healing and host defense against microbes. In the current review, we address the role of fibrin(ogen) throughout the process of wound healing and subsequent tissue repair. Initially fibrin(ogen) acts as a provisional matrix supporting incoming leukocytes and acting as reservoir for growth factors. It later goes on to support re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, and fibroplasia. Importantly, removal of fibrin(ogen) from the wound is essential for wound healing to progress. We also discuss how fibrin(ogen) functions through several mechanisms to protect the host against bacterial infection by providing a physical barrier, entrapment of bacteria in fibrin(ogen) networks, and by directing immune cell function. The central role of fibrin(ogen) in defense against bacterial infection has made it a target of bacterial proteins, evolved to interact with fibrin(ogen) to manipulate clot formation and degradation for the purpose of promoting microbial virulence and survival. Further understanding of the dual roles of fibrin(ogen) in wound healing and infection could provide novel means of therapy to improve recovery from surgical or chronic wounds and help to prevent infection from highly virulent bacterial strains, including those resistant to antibiotics.

纤维蛋白原是最丰富的血浆蛋白之一，在止血中起关键作用，是伤口愈合和宿主防御微生物的重要调节剂。在当前的综述中，我们探讨了纤维蛋白（原）在伤口愈合和随后的组织修复过程中的作用。最初，纤维蛋白（原）充当支持传入白细胞的临时基质并充当生长因子的储存库。它后来继续支持再上皮化、血管生成和纤维增生。重要的是，从伤口中去除纤维蛋白（原）对于伤口愈合的进展至关重要。我们还讨论了纤维蛋白（原）如何通过多种机制发挥作用，通过提供物理屏障、将细菌困在纤维蛋白（原）网络中以及通过指导免疫细胞功能来保护宿主免受细菌感染。纤维蛋白（原）在防御细菌感染中的核心作用使其成为细菌蛋白的靶标，进化为与纤维蛋白（原）相互作用以操纵凝块的形成和降解，以促进微生物的毒力和存活。进一步了解纤维蛋白（原）在伤口愈合和感染中的双重作用可以提供新的治疗方法，以改善手术或慢性伤口的恢复，并有助于预防高毒力细菌菌株的感染，包括那些对抗生素有抗药性的菌株。