Fish population structure in previously glaciated regions is often influenced by natural colonization processes and human-mediated dispersal, including fish stocking. Endemic populations are of conservation interest because they may contain rare and unique genetic variation. While coregonines are native to certain Michigan inland lakes, some were stocked with fish from Great Lakes sources, calling into question the origin of extant populations. While most stocking targeted lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), cisco (C. artedi) were also stocked from the Great Lakes to inland waterbodies. We used population genetic data (microsatellite genotypes and mitochondrial (mt)DNA sequences), coalescent modeling, and approximate Bayesian computation to investigate the origins of 12 inland Michigan cisco populations. The spatial distribution of mtDNA haplotypes suggests Michigan is an introgression zone for two ancestral cisco lineages associated with separate glacial refugia. Low levels of genetic diversity and high levels of genetic divergence were observed for populations located well inland of the Great Lakes relative to populations occupying waterbodies near the Great Lakes. Estimates of recent Great Lakes gene flow ranged from 27 to 48% for populations near the Great Lakes shoreline but were substantially lower (under 8%) for populations further inland. Inland lakes with elevated recent gene flow estimates may have been recipients of stocked coregonine fry, including cisco. Low levels of genetic diversity paired with a high likelihood of endemism as indicated by strong genetic divergence and low Great Lakes population inputs suggest the analyzed cisco populations occupying southern Michigan kettle lakes are of elevated conservation interest.

以前冰川地区的鱼类种群结构通常受到自然定殖过程和人类介导的传播（包括鱼类放养）的影响。地方性种群具有保护意义，因为它们可能包含罕见和独特的遗传变异。虽然 coregonines 原产于密歇根州的某些内陆湖泊，但有些人放养了来自五大湖的鱼类，这对现存种群的起源提出了质疑。而大多数放养的目标是湖白鱼 ( Coregonus clupeaformis )、 cisco ( C. artedi) 也从五大湖到内陆水体。我们使用种群遗传数据（微卫星基因型和线粒体 (mt) DNA 序列）、聚结模型和近似贝叶斯计算来调查 12 个内陆密歇根州思科种群的起源。mtDNA 单倍型的空间分布表明密歇根州是两个与单独冰川避难所相关的祖先 cisco 谱系的基因渗入区。与占据五大湖附近水体的种群相比，位于五大湖内陆的种群的遗传多样性水平较低，遗传差异水平较高。对五大湖海岸线附近种群的近期五大湖基因流估计范围为 27% 至 48%但内陆地区的人口要低得多（低于 8%）。近期基因流估计值升高的内陆湖泊可能已经接收了包括 cisco 在内的储存的 coregonine 鱼苗。遗传多样性的低水平与地方性的高可能性相结合，如强烈的遗传差异和低五大湖种群输入所表明的那样，表明分析的占据密歇根州南部水壶湖的思科种群具有更高的保护兴趣。