Packaging is fundamental for food preservation and transportation but generates an environmental burden from its production and end-of-life management. This review evaluates packaging contribution to the environmental performance of seafood products. Life cycle assessment (LCA) studies were evaluated by both qualitative and quantitative analysis. The qualitative analysis assessed how direct (e.g., packaging material) and indirect impacts (e.g., influence on seafood loss and waste) have been considered, while the quantitative analysis evaluated packaging contribution to products’ weight and climate change impact. Qualitative analysis revealed that seafood LCAs focus mainly on direct environmental impacts arising from packaging materials, for which some articles conducted sensitivity analysis to assess materials substitution. Recycling was found to be the most common recommendation to diminish direct potential environmental impacts arising from packaging end-of-life. However, standardized recovery rates and other end-of-life options (e.g., reuse), should be considered. Quantitative analysis revealed that cans' production contributes significantly to the overall climate change impact for canned products. On average, it contributes to 42% of a product's climate change impact and 27% of a product's weight. Packaging has a lower contribution when considering freezing, chilling, and other post-harvesting processing. It represents on average less than 5% of a product's climate change impact (less than 1 kg CO₂ eq/kg) and 6% of a product's weight. Packaging material production is more relevant to aluminum, tinplate, and glass than for plastic and paper. Therefore, it is essential to accurately include these materials and their associated processes in inventories to improve the environmental assessment of seafood products.

中文翻译：

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包装对海鲜供应链的环境影响：生命周期评估研究回顾

包装是食品保存和运输的基础，但其生产和报废管理会产生环境负担。本综述评估了包装对海产品环境绩效的贡献。生命周期评估 (LCA) 研究通过定性和定量分析进行评估。定性分析评估了如何考虑直接（例如，包装材料）和间接影响（例如，对海产品损失和浪费的影响），而定量分析评估了包装对产品重量和气候变化影响的贡献。定性分析表明，海鲜 LCA 主要关注包装材料对环境的直接影响，一些文章对此进行了敏感性分析以评估材料替代。回收是减少包装报废带来的直接潜在环境影响的最常见建议。但是，应考虑标准化回收率和其他报废选择（例如再利用）。定量分析表明，罐头生产对罐头产品的整体气候变化影响有重大影响。平均而言，它占产品气候变化影响的 42% 和产品重量的 27%。在考虑冷冻、冷藏和其他收获后加工时，包装的贡献较小。它平均占产品气候变化影响的不到 5%（少于 1 公斤 CO 应考虑标准化回收率和其他报废选择（例如再利用）。定量分析表明，罐头生产对罐头产品的整体气候变化影响有重大影响。平均而言，它占产品气候变化影响的 42% 和产品重量的 27%。在考虑冷冻、冷藏和其他收获后加工时，包装的贡献较小。它平均占产品气候变化影响的不到 5%（少于 1 公斤 CO 应考虑标准化回收率和其他报废选择（例如再利用）。定量分析表明，罐头生产对罐头产品的整体气候变化影响有重大影响。平均而言，它占产品气候变化影响的 42% 和产品重量的 27%。在考虑冷冻、冷藏和其他收获后加工时，包装的贡献较低。它平均占产品气候变化影响的不到 5%（少于 1 公斤 CO 气候变化的影响和产品重量的 27%。在考虑冷冻、冷藏和其他收获后加工时，包装的贡献较小。它平均占产品气候变化影响的不到 5%（少于 1 公斤 CO 气候变化的影响和产品重量的 27%。在考虑冷冻、冷藏和其他收获后加工时，包装的贡献较低。它平均占产品气候变化影响的不到 5%（少于 1 公斤 CO₂ eq/kg) 和产品重量的 6%。与塑料和纸相比，包装材料生产与铝、马口铁和玻璃的相关性更大。因此，必须将这些材料及其相关过程准确地包括在清单中，以改进海产品的环境评估。