Abstract

Based on Beishan Exploration Tunnel (BET), the blasting test has been carried out and studied deeply, especially the blasting vibration velocity and excavation damaged zone (EDZ) have been monitored immediately along the blasting cycles. It has obtained that the maximum blasting vibration velocity ranged from 4 cm/s to 60 cm/s. Meanwhile, the EDZ tested by the radar system is ranged from 17 cm to 24 cm. Furthermore, as the cutting method, surrounding hole distance and specific charge are different, the maximum blasting vibration velocity and EDZ are also diverse caused by the blasting energy release, distribution, absorbing, and transfer. Finally, the controlling method with rock damaged depth using the maximum blasting vibration velocity at the distance 10 m is proposed. Through the blasting vibration velocity attenuation law and rock damaged characteristic, the threshold of the maximum blasting vibration velocity at the distance 10 m has been confirmed, i.e. when the maximum blasting vibration velocity is under 100 cm/s, the rock damaged depth could be controlled within 30 cm. Then the blasting damaged zone could be ensured and confirmed. The research and theoretical knowledge could be applied to the blasting and excavation of the deep geo-engineering and the HLW geo-disposal.

摘要

以北山勘探隧道（BET）为基础，对爆破试验进行了深入研究，特别是在爆破周期中对爆破振动速度和开挖损伤区（EDZ）进行了实时监测。得到最大爆破振动速度为4 cm/s~60 cm/s。同时，雷达系统测试的 EDZ 范围从 17 厘米到 24 厘米。此外，由于切割方法、围孔距离和比装药量不同，爆破能量的释放、分布、吸收和传递引起的最大爆破振动速度和EDZ也不同。最后，提出了利用10 m处最大爆破振动速度控制岩石破坏深度的方法。通过爆破振动速度衰减规律和岩石损伤特性，确定了10 m距离处最大爆破振动速度的阈值，即当最大爆破振动速度在100 cm/s以下时，可以控制岩石损伤深度30 厘米以内。这样就可以确定和确认爆破损坏区域。研究成果和理论知识可应用于深部地球工程爆破开挖和高放垃圾地质处置。