Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an immune-mediated and treatable disease that may be associated with various systemic conditions. Our objective is to describe the clinical, electrophysiological and pathological data of a series of patients with both CIDP and hemopathy. In this retrospective study, we analyzed 21 patients with CIDP and various hemopathies (malignant or not), consecutively observed for almost five years. In this particular context (with a risk of neurological complications of the hemopathy), a nerve biopsy was taken from each patient (after written consent). All the patients fulfilled the EAN/PNS electrodiagnostic criteria (2021) of CIDP: 16 with ‘CIDP’ and 2 with ‘possible CIDP’ (no data for 3 patients). For each patient, pathological analysis of nerve biopsy was compatible with the diagnosis of CIDP, and there was no evidence for hematological complication of the peripheral nervous system. In cases of peripheral neuropathy and malignant hemopathy, the possibility that the peripheral neuropathy is CIDP should not be overlooked because CIDP is clearly accessible to appropriate therapies, with high potential for a positive clinical response. If the diagnosis of CIDP is usually suspected clinically and electrophysiologically, it should be confirmed by pathological study (nerve biopsy) in certain cases. The management of such patients benefits from the collaboration of neurologists, hematologists and oncologists.

慢性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经根神经病 (CIDP) 是一种免疫介导且可治疗的疾病，可能与各种全身性疾病有关。我们的目标是描述一系列 CIDP 和血液病患者的临床、电生理和病理数据。在这项回顾性研究中，我们分析了 21 名 CIDP 和各种血液病（恶性或非恶性）患者，连续观察了近五年。在这种特殊情况下（存在血液病神经并发症的风险），对每位患者进行了神经活检（在书面同意后）。所有患者均符合 CIDP 的 EAN/PNS 电诊断标准（2021）：16 例为“CIDP”，2 例为“可能的 CIDP”（3 例患者无数据）。对于每一位患者，神经活检病理分析符合 CIDP 的诊断，未发现周围神经系统血液学并发症的证据。在周围神经病变和恶性血液病的情况下，不应忽视周围神经病变是 CIDP 的可能性，因为 CIDP 显然可以接受适当的治疗，具有很高的临床阳性反应潜力。如果临床和电生理上通常怀疑CIDP的诊断，在某些情况下应通过病理学研究（神经活检）确诊。此类患者的管理得益于神经病学家、血液学家和肿瘤学家的合作。不应忽视周围神经病变是 CIDP 的可能性，因为 CIDP 显然可以接受适当的治疗，并且很有可能获得积极的临床反应。如果临床上和电生理上通常怀疑CIDP的诊断，在某些情况下应通过病理学研究（神经活检）确诊。此类患者的管理得益于神经病学家、血液学家和肿瘤学家的合作。不应忽视周围神经病变是 CIDP 的可能性，因为 CIDP 显然可以接受适当的治疗，并且很有可能获得积极的临床反应。如果临床上和电生理上通常怀疑CIDP的诊断，在某些情况下应通过病理学研究（神经活检）确诊。此类患者的管理得益于神经病学家、血液学家和肿瘤学家的合作。