In order to meet the growing human food and nutrition demand a perpetual process of crop improvement is idealized. It has seen changing trends and varying concepts throughout human history; from simple selection to complex gene-editing. Among these techniques, random mutagenesis has been shown to be a promising technology to achieve desirable genetic gain with less time and minimal efforts. Over the decade, several hundred varieties have been released through random mutagenesis, but the production is falling behind the demand. Several food crops like banana, potato, cassava, sweet potato, apple, citrus, and others are vegetatively propagated. Since such crops are not propagated through seed, genetic improvement through classical breeding is impractical for them. Besides, in the case of polyploids, accomplishment of allelic homozygosity requires a considerable land area, extensive fieldwork with huge manpower, and hefty funding for an extended period of time. Apart from induction, mapping of induced genes to facilitate the knowledge of biological processes has been performed only in a few selected facultative vegetative crops like banana and cassava which can form a segregating population. During the last few decades, there has been a shift in the techniques used for crop improvement. With the introduction of the robust technologies like meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) more and more crops are being subjected to gene editing. However, more work needs to be done in case of vegetatively propagated crops

为了满足人类日益增长的食物和营养需求，理想化了一个永久的作物改良过程。它见证了人类历史上不断变化的趋势和不同的概念；从简单的选择到复杂的基因编辑。在这些技术中，随机诱变已被证明是一种很有前途的技术，可以用更少的时间和最小的努力实现理想的遗传增益。十年来，通过随机诱变释放了数百个品种，但产量落后于需求。香蕉、马铃薯、木薯、甘薯、苹果、柑橘等几种粮食作物都是无性繁殖的。由于此类作物不是通过种子繁殖的，因此通过传统育种进行遗传改良对它们来说是不切实际的。此外，在多倍体的情况下，等位基因纯合的完成需要相当大的土地面积、大量的人力和大量的实地工作以及长期的巨额资金。除了诱导之外，仅在少数可以形成分离种群的兼性营养作物（如香蕉和木薯）中进行诱导基因图谱以促进对生物过程的了解。在过去的几十年中，用于作物改良的技术发生了转变。随着大范围核酸酶、锌指核酸酶 (ZFNs)、转录激活因子样效应核酸酶 (TALENs) 和定期间隔短回文重复序列 (CRISPR) 等强大技术的引入，越来越多的作物正在接受基因编辑。但是，对于无性繁殖的作物，还需要做更多的工作