More than five decades ago, Northway et al 1 described the clinical, radiological and pathological features of a chronic lung disease in preterm infants characterised by lung emphysema, fibrosis, pulmonary vascular remodelling and cardiac hypertrophy.1 At that time, this chronic lung disease of prematurity, which they named bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), was thought to occur as a consequence of postnatal events, including severe respiratory distress syndrome, oxygen toxicity and volutrauma.1 Despite improvements in neonatal care, postnatal adverse exposures continue to be important factors in BPD pathogenesis. Emerging evidence also suggests that pulmonary outcomes after preterm birth are likely determined not only by postnatal factors but also by the in utero environment. Male gender, white race, smoking, hypertension and infection have all been linked to increased BPD susceptibility. In addition, growing evidence suggests that fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major risk factor for BPD.2 Abnormal placentation resulting in impaired placental perfusion is one of the most frequent causes of early FGR (<32 weeks gestational age) and preeclampsia. In the French EPIPAGE-2 study of preterm infants <32 weeks gestation, the risk of moderate/severe BPD was more than sixfold higher in FGR infants.3 Importantly, FGR has also been linked …

中文翻译：

---

胎盘功能障碍和胎儿生长受损：与支气管肺发育不良和肺动脉高压的关系

五十多年前，Northway 等人 1 描述了以肺气肿、纤维化、肺血管重塑和心脏肥大为特征的早产儿慢性肺病的临床、放射学和病理学特征。早产，他们将其命名为支气管肺发育不良 (BPD)，被认为是产后事件的结果，包括严重的呼吸窘迫综合征、氧中毒和容积伤。 1 尽管新生儿护理有所改善，但产后不良暴露仍然是 BPD 的重要因素发病。新出现的证据还表明，早产后的肺部结果可能不仅取决于产后因素，还取决于子宫内环境。男性、白人、吸烟、高血压和感染都与 BPD 易感性增加有关。此外，越来越多的证据表明胎儿生长受限 (FGR) 是 BPD 的主要危险因素。2 导致胎盘灌注受损的异常胎盘是早期 FGR（<32 孕周）和先兆子痫的最常见原因之一。在法国 EPIPAGE-2 对妊娠 < 32 周早产儿的研究中，FGR 婴儿中度/重度 BPD 的风险高出六倍以上。3 重要的是，FGR 也与……