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Establishing the exposure–outcome relation between airborne particulate matter and children’s health
Thorax ( IF 9.0 ) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 , DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217915
Renyi Zhang 1 , Natalie M Johnson 2 , Yixin Li 3
Affiliation  

With increasing urbanisation, industrialisation and economic growth worldwide, air pollution has emerged as one of the greatest global public health epidemics in the 21st century. The impacts of air pollution on human health are enormous. Globally, nine in ten people breathe air containing high levels of pollutants, and one in nine of the deaths are caused by exposure to air pollution, reaching an annual premature mortality of over seven million.1 Air pollutants comprise a complex mixture of gases and particulate matter (PM), which are directly emitted from natural and anthropogenic sources or are formed in air via a multitude of chemical processes.2 In particular, fine PM (diameter smaller than 2.5 µm or PM2.5) has been unequivocally linked to various adverse human health effects, ranging from aggravated allergies to the development of chronic diseases, to premature death.3 Exposure of vulnerable individuals to air pollution is especially worrisome, such as pregnant women and children.4 5 The morbidity and mortality associated with air pollution for children are relevant to both prenatal and postnatal exposures. For example, epidemiological and animal model studies have revealed that maternal exposure to fine PM results in adverse birth outcomes and postnatal health conditions.5 Specifically, animal model experiments employing ultrafine particles (diameter smaller than 0.1 µm or UFP) have shown that prenatal exposure predisposes offspring to long-term metabolic syndrome and pulmonary immunosuppression, with profound implications for respiratory infection risks.6 7 In this issue, Fang …

中文翻译:

建立空气中颗粒物与儿童健康之间的暴露-结果关系

随着全球城市化、工业化和经济增长的加快,空气污染已成为 21 世纪全球最严重的公共卫生流行病之一。空气污染对人类健康的影响是巨大的。在全球范围内,十分之九的人呼吸着含有大量污染物的空气,九分之一的死亡是由暴露于空气污染引起的,每年过早死亡人数超过 700 万。1 空气污染物包括气体和颗粒物的复杂混合物物质 (PM),它们直接从自然和人为来源排放,或通过多种化学过程在空气中形成。2 特别是细颗粒物(直径小于 2.5 µm 或 PM2.5)已明确与各种有害物质相关联对人类健康的影响,从加重过敏症到发展为慢性病,再到过早死亡。3 易受伤害的人暴露于空气污染中尤其令人担忧,例如孕妇和儿童。4 5 与儿童空气污染相关的发病率和死亡率与两者有关产前和产后暴露。例如,流行病学和动物模型研究表明,母体暴露于细颗粒物会导致不良的出生结果和产后健康状况。5 具体而言,使用超细颗粒(直径小于 0.1 µm 或 UFP)的动物模型实验表明,产前暴露会导致后代患长期代谢综合征和肺部免疫抑制,对呼吸道感染风险具有深远影响。6 7 在本期中,方… 3 孕妇和儿童等易感人群暴露于空气污染尤其令人担忧。4 5 与儿童空气污染相关的发病率和死亡率与产前和产后暴露均相关。例如,流行病学和动物模型研究表明,母体暴露于细颗粒物会导致不良的出生结果和产后健康状况。5 具体而言,使用超细颗粒(直径小于 0.1 µm 或 UFP)的动物模型实验表明,产前暴露会导致后代患长期代谢综合征和肺部免疫抑制,对呼吸道感染风险具有深远影响。6 7 在本期中,方… 3 孕妇和儿童等易感人群暴露于空气污染尤其令人担忧。4 5 与儿童空气污染相关的发病率和死亡率与产前和产后暴露均相关。例如,流行病学和动物模型研究表明,母体暴露于细颗粒物会导致不良的出生结果和产后健康状况。5 具体而言,使用超细颗粒(直径小于 0.1 µm 或 UFP)的动物模型实验表明,产前暴露会导致后代患长期代谢综合征和肺部免疫抑制,对呼吸道感染风险具有深远影响。6 7 在本期中,方… 4 5 与儿童空气污染相关的发病率和死亡率与产前和产后暴露有关。例如,流行病学和动物模型研究表明,母体暴露于细颗粒物会导致不良的出生结果和产后健康状况。5 具体而言,使用超细颗粒(直径小于 0.1 µm 或 UFP)的动物模型实验表明,产前暴露会导致后代患长期代谢综合征和肺部免疫抑制,对呼吸道感染风险具有深远影响。6 7 在本期中,方… 4 5 与儿童空气污染相关的发病率和死亡率与产前和产后暴露有关。例如,流行病学和动物模型研究表明,母体暴露于细颗粒物会导致不良的出生结果和产后健康状况。5 具体而言,使用超细颗粒(直径小于 0.1 µm 或 UFP)的动物模型实验表明,产前暴露会导致后代患长期代谢综合征和肺部免疫抑制,对呼吸道感染风险具有深远影响。6 7 在本期中,方…
更新日期:2022-03-15
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