NiO/ZrO2 nanocomposites as photocathodes of tandem DSCs with higher photoconversion efficiency with respect to parent single-photoelectrode p-DSCs,Sustainable Energy & Fuels

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NiO/ZrO2 nanocomposites as photocathodes of tandem DSCs with higher photoconversion efficiency with respect to parent single-photoelectrode p-DSCs
Sustainable Energy & Fuels ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-20 , DOI: 10.1039/d1se00566a
Matteo Bonomo _{1,

2} , Emmanuel J. Ekoi ₃ , Andrea G. Marrani ₁ , Ana Y. Segura Zarate ₂ , Denis P. Dowling ₃ , Claudia Barolo _{2,

4} , Danilo Dini ₁

Affiliation

The nanocomposites of nickel oxide (NiO) and zirconia (ZrO₂) (NZNCs) are particularly effective photocathodic materials in p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (p-DSCs) and tandem DSCs (t-DSCs). The t-DSCs obtained from P1-sensitized NZNC as photocathode and nanostructured titania (TiO₂) sensitized with squaraine VG10-C8 as photoanode display overall efficiencies of ca. 2% at their best and, more importantly, produced photocurrents that surpassed systematically the values obtained from the parent devices having one photoelectrochemical interface. Such a finding is a consequence of the diminished resistance of the electrolyte the thickness of which is systematically smaller in t-DSCs with respect to parent DSCs with a single photoelectrochemical junction and same interelectrodic separation. The results here reported demonstrate that a careful combination of photoelectroactive electrodes can lead to an increase in current density of more than 15% in the t-DSC with respect to single-junction DSCs employing the same photoelectrodes provided that the whole thickness of the t-DSC is the same as in the single photoelectrode DSC and the photoelectrodes in the t-DSC do not incur in short-circuit phenomena through the electrolyte. For the successful realization of t-DSCs another important aspect is the complementarity of the absorption properties of the chosen colorants with the sensitized electrodes having similar absorbance in their respective ranges of optical absorption. The latter condition in t-DSCs makes possible the achievement of photoactivity spectra with a uniform efficiency of conversion in the whole visible range. For the attainment of efficient t-DSCs the two different photoelectrodes from parent DSCs (i.e. the devices at a single photoeletrochemical interface), should generate anodic and cathodic photocurrent densities with very similar values. Such a matching of photocurrents requires a careful selection of the thickness values for the photoelectrodes especially in case of materials with considerably different characteristics of charge injection. The approach here considered is a promising one for the assembly of quasi-transparent photoelectrochemical tandem devices operating as smart windows that convert light into electrical power.

中文翻译：

NiO/ZrO2 纳米复合材料作为串联 DSC 的光电阴极，相对于母体单光电极 p-DSC 具有更高的光转换效率

氧化镍 (NiO) 和氧化锆 (ZrO ₂ ) (NZNCs)的纳米复合材料是 p 型染料敏化太阳能电池 (p-DSC) 和串联 DSC (t-DSC) 中特别有效的光阴极材料。从 P1 敏化的 NZNC 作为光电阴极和用方酸 VG10-C8 作为光电阳极敏化的纳米结构二氧化钛 (TiO ₂ )获得的 t-DSC显示出约2% 最好，更重要的是，产生的光电流系统地超过了从具有一个光电化学界面的母器件获得的值。这一发现是电解质电阻降低的结果，相对于具有单个光电化学结和相同电极间分离的母体 DSC，电解质的厚度在 t-DSC 中系统地更小。此处报告的结果表明，与使用相同光电极的单结 DSC 相比，如果 t-DSC 的整个厚度保持不变，则光电活性电极的仔细组合可以使 t-DSC 中的电流密度增加 15% 以上。 DSC 与单光电极 DSC 相同，t-DSC 中的光电极不会通过电解质发生短路现象。对于 t-DSC 的成功实现，另一个重要方面是所选着色剂的吸收特性与在它们各自的光吸收范围内具有相似吸收率的敏化电极的互补性。t-DSC 中的后一种条件使得在整个可见光范围内实现具有均匀转换效率的光活性光谱成为可能。即在单个光电化学界面上的器件），应该产生具有非常相似值的阳极和阴极光电流密度。这种光电流的匹配需要仔细选择光电极的厚度值，尤其是在电荷注入特性明显不同的材料的情况下。这里考虑的方法是组装准透明光电化学串联器件的一种有前途的方法，这些器件作为将光转化为电能的智能窗户。

更新日期：2021-08-24

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