Parasitoid wasps are key agents for controlling insect pests in integrated pest management programs. Although many studies have revealed that the behavior of parasitic wasps can be influenced by insecticides, the strategies of patch time allocation and oviposition have received less attention. In the present study, we forced the endoparasitoid Meteorus pulchricornis to phoxim exposure at the LC30 and tested the foraging behavior within patches with different densities of the host, the larvae of the tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura. The results showed that phoxim treatment can significantly increase the patch-leaving tendency of female wasps, while host density had no impact. The number of oviposition and the number of previous patch visits also significantly influenced the patch time allocation decisions. The occurrence of oviposition behavior was negatively affected by phoxim exposure; however, progeny production was similar among patches with different host densities. Phoxim exposure shaped the offspring fitness correlates, including longer durations from cocoon to adult wasps, smaller body size, and shorter longevity. The findings of the present study highlight the sublethal effects that reduce the patch residence time and the fitness of parasitoid offspring, suggesting that the application of phoxim in association with M. pulchricornis should be carefully schemed in agroecosystems.

寄生蜂是害虫综合管理计划中控制害虫的关键剂。尽管许多研究表明寄生蜂的行为会受到杀虫剂的影响，但补丁时间分配和产卵策略却很少受到关注。在本研究中，我们迫使内寄生蜂Meteorus pulchricornis在 LC 30处接触辛硫磷，并测试了不同密度的宿主斑块内的觅食行为，即烟草地老虎Spodoptera litura的幼虫. 结果表明辛硫磷处理可显着增加雌性黄蜂的斑块脱落倾向，而寄主密度无影响。产卵次数和之前的补丁访问次数也显着影响补丁时间分配决策。辛硫磷暴露对产卵行为的发生产生负面影响；然而，具有不同宿主密度的斑块的后代产量相似。辛硫磷暴露塑造了后代健康相关性，包括从茧到成年黄蜂的更长持续时间、更小的体型和更短的寿命。本研究的结果强调了减少贴片停留时间和寄生蜂后代适应性的亚致死效应，表明辛硫磷与M. pulchricornis相关联的应用应在农业生态系统中仔细规划。