A 67-year-old woman had delayed initial diagnosis of her right low flow carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic due to difficulty detecting ocular signs via online virtual examinations. Her right eye conjunctival erythema and proptosis with medial rectus enlargement on computed tomography scan was initially misdiagnosed as euthyroid thyroid-associated orbitopathy without lid retraction. She developed vision loss, and increasing episcleral venous congestion and CCF was suspected. Computed tomographic angiography did not show an obvious fistula. Digital subtraction angiography revealed the right-sided low flow CCF, which was fed from vessels from the contralateral side.
Case Rep Ophthalmol 2021;12:712–716

中文翻译：

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通过虚拟评估或无创血管成像未确诊的颈动脉海绵窦瘘

一名 67 岁的女性在冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行期间，由于难以通过在线虚拟检查检测眼部体征，推迟了对其右侧低流量颈动脉海绵窦瘘 (CCF) 的初步诊断。她的右眼结膜红斑和眼球突出，计算机断层扫描显示内直肌增大，最初被误诊为没有眼睑回缩的甲状腺功能正常的甲状腺相关眼眶病。她出现视力丧失，巩膜外静脉充血增加，怀疑 CCF。计算机断层扫描血管造影未显示明显的瘘管。数字减影血管造影显示右侧低流量 CCF，其来自对侧血管。
Case Rep Ophthalmol 2021；12:712–716